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افقرؔ موہانی

افقرؔ موہانی
دوسرا حادثہ اُردو کے بزرگ شاعر افقر موہانی کی وفات کا ہے، اپنے معاصرین میں وہ تنہا رہ گئے تھے، ان کی عمر کا اب کوئی شاعر زندہ نہیں ہے، وفات کے وقت ۸۸ سال کی عمر تھی، وہ استاد فن تھے بڑے اساتذہ کی طرح زبان کی باریکیوں پر اُن کی نظر بڑی گہری تھی، اور شاعری میں اس کا بڑا اہتمام رکھتے تھے، ان کے دامن تربیت میں بہت سے شعرا پلے، ان کے تلاندہ کا دائرہ وسیع تھا، صاحب قلم بھی تھے اسی زمانہ میں ایک رسالہ جام جہاں نما کے نام سے نکالتے تھے مگر عرصہ سے لکھنا چھوٹ گیا تھا، مگر مشق سخن برابر جاری تھی کبھی کبھی معارف میں بھی اپنا کلام بھیجتے تھے، حاجی وارث علی رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کے مرید تھے ان کی یادگار میں ہر سال بڑے اہتمام سے مشاعرہ کرتے تھے، ان کی موت سے ایک استاد فن شاعر اٹھ گیا، رمضان المبارک میں موت یوں بھی ذریعہ مغفرت ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ اپنی مزید رحمتوں سے نوازے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۷۱ء)

The Synergy Of Islamic Banking And Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) To Strengthen Unbankable Business Capital

This study aims to determine the synergy that can be implemented between Islamic Bank and Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) to strengthen unbankable business capital and to assess the application of sharia contracts toward some products provided by BUMDes. The research methodology used qualitative analysis, primary data obtained from informants, namely one branch manager of Islamic Bank of Indonesian (BSI), Pekanbaru branch and 14 BUMDes leaders in Tambang District, Kampar. The results show that first: two forms of synergy can be implemented between BSI and BUMDes to strengthen unbankable business capital, namely BSI finances through BUMDes then distributed to the unbankable micro-entrepreneurs and BSI distributes directly to the unbankable micro-entrepreneurs based on  BUMDes recommendation then BSI provides a fee after BUMDes gives the guarantee, second: the application of sharia contracts toward some products supplied by BUMDes currently could use wadi`ah, mudharobah, musyarokah, murobahah, salam, istisna, ijaroh and wakalah.      

Boundary Element Methods for Compressible Fluid Flow Problems

The boundary element method is a numerical technique which consists of sub– dividing the boundary of the body into a series of discrete elements, over which the function can vary. This technique offers important advantages over domain type solutions such as finite elements and finite differences. One of the most important features of this method is the much smaller system of equations and the considerable reduction in data required to run a program. Furthermore, the method is well–suited to problems with an infinite domain. Boundary element methods can be formulated using two different approaches called the ‘direct’ and the ‘indirect’ methods. In this thesis, the direct and indirect boundary element methods have been used for the calculation of the compressible fluid flow around arbitrary bodies. The results obtained using boundary element methods have been compared with analytical solutions. These methods have been implemented with the help of computer programming using FORTRAN 77. In chapter (1), statement of the problem, literature survey and brief description of the method of solution are discussed. In chapter (2) the fundamental equations for compressible fluid are given and in chapter (3) mathematical formulation of the equation for inviscid compressible fluid flow is given. In chapter (4) the constitutive equations for the boundary element methods for the interior and exterior domains are derived, and in chapter (5) the various types of boundary elements, the matrix formulation for the8 equation of the direct method. The numerical evaluation of the integrals over an element and the solution of the resultant system of equations are discussed. In chapter (6) the direct and indirect boundary element methods are applied to the three – dimensional potential flow problems and the comparisons of the analytical and computed results are presented. In chapter (7) both the direct and indirect boundary element methods have been used to calculate two dimensional inviscid compressible flow past a symmetric and Joukowski aerofoils. It has been seen that the computed results in all the above mentioned cases are in good agreement with the analytical results. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for future work are given at the end.
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