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محمد خان وامق

عہد اورنگ زیب کے محمد خان وامق سیالکوٹ کے پہلے اردو شاعر ہیں۔ وہ اپنے وقت کے اہم شاعر تھے۔ وامق وڈہرہ قوم کے کھتری تھے اور ان کو مسلمان کرنے کا فخر اس وقت کے جید عالم مولانا عبد اﷲچلپئی کو تھا جنہوں نے ان کا نام محمد خان رکھا۔ اشفاق نیاز تاریخِ سیالکوٹ میں آپ کے بارے رقمطراز ہیں:

آپ نہ صرف اعلی درجے کے شاعر تھے بلکہ ایک انشا پرداز بھی تھے اور یہی شہرت اور قابلیت انہیں دربارِ عالمگیر تک لے گئی۔ بادشاہ ان کا بہت قائل تھا بعد میں بادشاہ نے ان کے فن و ادب کی قدر کرتے ہوئے انہیں اخلاص خاں کے اعلیٰ خطاب سے سرفراز بھی فرمایا۔ آپ صاحبِ دیوان بھی تھے۔ اردو اور فارسی میں شاعری کرتے تھے مگر افسوس کہ باوجود سعی بسیار کے کلام مفقود ہے۔ (۱)

راقم الحروف بھی کوشش کے باوجود ان کا اردو کلام دریافت نہیں کر سکا۔تاریخِ سیالکوٹ کے مطابق آپ نے محمد شاہ کے عہد ۱۷۶۶ء میں سیالکوٹ میں وفات پائی۔(۲)

 

۱۔اشفاق نیاز‘ ’’تاریخِ سیالکوٹ‘‘ ‘ سیالکوٹ‘ سیالکوٹ ایڈورٹائزرز ‘ ۲۰۰۹ء، ص : ۲۹۳

۲۔           ایضاً‘ ص: ۲۹۴

قیام امن میں حضرت عثمان کا کردار: تاریخی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Nowadays the entire world, particularly the Islamic countries, are suffering from a state of anxiety and insecurity due to terrorism. The terrorists are destroying peace of the world for the sake of their personal interests. They affiliate their terrorist activities with Islām, while Islām condemns not only terrorism, but also the violation of the country law. Islām is the religion of peace. Allāh, peace of title the with (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet His sent Almighty and granted him the name of religion as Islām. The Holy Prophet in harmony and peace of facade the build to life his all spent (صلى الله عليه وسلم) the society. His companions also exhibited human loving nature and. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy the by them to provided roadmap the followed Ḥaḍrat Uthmān is one of those, who sacrificed themselves for the noble cause of peace. In this article, the remarkable efforts of Ḥaḍrat Uthmān for the maintainance of peace are highlighted. He was commited to peace even before Islām, and after accepting it, he played a vital role for the promotion and maintaince of peace. He the at (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the of ambassador the as appointed was occasion of the Ḥudaybiyah Pact. Uthmān ruled a vast empire. Peace was a hallmark of his era. The evil plots against him surfaced only in the later years of his caliphate. These included objections regarding appointment and administration of the governers. He took every step to stop the disruption of peace, so much so, he did not allow the Muslims to fight for his defence, hence, sacrificed his life.

Stock Market Co-Movements and Their Determinants Between Emerging Economies.

This study has been conducted to examine the determinants of stock market co movement between Pakistan and emerging economies for the period 2001 to 2014. The results of Johansen and Juselius cointegration tests reveal that there is long term integration between the stock market of Pakistan and the stock markets of Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Israel, Korea, Malaysia, Morocco, Poland, Thailand and Turkey. This study investigates the determinants of stock market co-movement between Pakistan and emerging stock markets where cointegration is found. Results of the panel data reveal that there are four significant underlying forces of integration between Pakistan and emerging stock markets. These are GDP growth rate differential, inflation rate differential, world market volatility and quarter effect. This study also reports the driving forces of co-movement between Pakistan and each emerging market where the co-integration is found. It has been found that no similarity is found in the determinants of integration between Pakistan and each emerging stock market. This study also reports the determinants of stock market co-movement between Pakistan and emerging markets before crisis (2004 Q1 – 2007 Q3), during the crisis (2007 Q4 – 2009 Q4) and after the crisis period (2010 Q1 – 2014 Q4). It has been found that the determinants of integration between Pakistan and emerging markets vary before, during and after the crisis indicating that such determinants are crisis contingent variables. This study contributes to the literature of stock-market integration by exploring fundamental determinants between Pakistan and emerging economies. The findings of this study have significant implications for policy makers in Pakistan while designing the strategies for macroeconomic harmonization and stability of the country’s economy against financial shocks.
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