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56. Al-Waqi’ah/The Event

56. Al-Waqi’ah/The Event

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

56:01
a. When the Inevitable Event of Doom will descend, and herald the Resurrection,

56:02
a. then there will be no belying and denying of its descent;

56:03
a. it will be degrading and humbling some humans and jinn, and exalting some others.

56:04
a. When the whole of the terrestrial world will be shaken, shaken violently in a series of massive earthquakes and volcanic eruptions,

56:05
a. and the mountains will be made to crumble, utterly crumbling,

56:06
a. so as turning it to dust, scattered in the air like puffed wool.

56:07
a. And you all will be sorted out into the following three diverse categories:

56:08
a. As for the first category:
b. the People of the right hand side – the lucky and blessed ones;
c. how lucky and blessed will be the People of the right hand side!

56:09
a. And the second category:
b. the People of the left hand side – the unlucky and wretched ones;
c. how unlucky and wretched will be the People of the left hand side!

56:10
a. And the third category:
b. those in the foremost who would have taken the lead
c. – indeed they will be the foremost in their race to seek Allah’s Countenance!

56:11
a. For those will be the ones brought near,

56:12
a. in Gardens of Perpetual Bliss - abounding in peace, tranquility, and blessings.

Factors Affecting the Academic Achievements among Dean’s Listers of Caraga State University

The study assessed the relationship between the factors affecting the academic achievement of the dean’s listers’ of Caraga State University. It involves the total population of the dean’s listers in the said university. The independent variables are those pre-determined factors’ affecting the academic achievement of the dean’s listers’ of Caraga State University and the dependent variable is the grades of the dean’s listers’. The result shows the low relationship between the pre-determined factors and the academic achievement evidenced by the values of the p-values which are greater than. In terms of the academic achievement of the dean’s listers’ their grades signifies their excellence in their different chosen fields. With regards to the pre-determined factors, the factor that got the highest mean is the teachers’ competence with 3.7639 and the lowest one is the learning environment with 3.6690. The study habits’ got the second spot among the 4 factors followed by the learning styles. Based on Spearmen Correlation analysis in the data gathered, the results revealed that there is no significant relationship between the pre-determined factors and the academic achievement of the dean’s listers’ of Caraga State University. The p-values obtained are less than 0.05 for all the data set; that is accepting the null hypothesis. The results clearly depicts that the students’ study habit, learning style teachers’ competence and the learning environment has no influence to the achievement reached by the dean’s listers’. On the other hand, it is still very important to make and to maintain these factors visible in the academic arena for a better learning and for a better outcome. The absence of these factors might affect the performances of the students’ in Caraga State University.

Integrated Nutrient Management for Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity of Water Eroded Lands at District Swat

Eroded lands have very poor soil fertility and crop productivity due to the loss of top fertile soil during soil erosion. In order to meet the food requirements of increasing population such lands need to be restored. To achieve this objective, experiments were conducted at three sites i.e., Guljaba (slightly eroded), Gado (moderately eroded) and Kotlai (severely eroded), District Swat, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan from 2006 to 2008. The experiments were carried out to study the efficacy of combined application of organic and inorganic sources of plant nutrients and mungbean residues on soil fertility and crop productivity under wheat- mungbean-wheat cropping system. Mungbean was grown and a basal dose of 25-60-0 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1 was applied. After mungbean harvest, three residues management practices, i.e., R+ (mungbean residues incorporated into soil), R- (mungbean residues removed) and F (fallow) were performed. After mungbean, wheat was grown and fertilizer treatments for wheat crop consisted of T1 (control), T2 (120 kg N ha-1), T3 (120-90-0 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), T4 (120-90-60 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), T5 (90-90-60 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1) and T6 (60-90-60 kg N-P2O5- K2O ha-1 + 20 t FYM ha-1). Experiments were laid out in RCBD split plot arrangement with residues management practices in the main plots and fertilizer treatments in the subplots. Three replications were used in the experiments. The results showed that soil properties were improved with T6 (application of 20 t FYM ha-1 and reducing commercial inorganic N fertilizer to 60 kg N ha-1) and incorporation of mungbean residues (R+) both at surface soil (0-20 cm soil depth) and sub-surface (20-45 cm soil depth). Soil pH and bulk density were decreased, while AWHC, soil organic matter, available K and P, mineral N, total N and microbial properties (microbial activity, microbial biomass C and N and mineralizable C and N) were improved with T6 and R+ at the three sites. Analysis of the data combined over both seasons and sites showed that all soil characteristics differed significantly among the sites Guljaba, Gado and Kotlai, as well as among seasons, both at surface (0-20 cm soil depth) and sub-surface soils (20-45 cm soil depth). The deleterious effect of erosion on soil properties was more prominent in severely eroded soil as compared to moderately and slightly eroded soils. Soil properties were improved over time from their initial values during Kharif 2006 at all the three sites due to residual or cumulative effect through addition of inorganic fertilizers, farmyard manure and mungbean residues management, which implies the restoration of soil fertility over time. T6 increased the biological yield of wheat significantly over the other treatments with an increase of 34, 44 and 47% compared with the control at Guljaba, Gado and Kotlai respectively. Similarly, R+ increased biological yield of wheat by 10, 12.9 and 13% compared with the Fallow at Guljaba, Gado and Kotlai respectively. Similar trends were observed for grain yield, straw yield, 1000-grain weight and harvest index of wheat. T6 increased N and P uptake by wheat significantly over the other treatments and increased N concentration in wheat plant with an increase of 19, 22 and 22.5% compared with the control at Guljaba, Gado and Kotlai respectively. Similarly R+ increased N concentration in wheat plant with an increase of 11.7, 12.9 and 12.7% compared with the control at Guljaba, Gado and Kotlai respectively. Similar trends were observed for Plant P, grain N and grain P concentrations of wheat, except that effect of residues management practices on P concentration in both plant and grain was non-significant (p>0.05). Economic analysis of fertilizer treatments and residue management practices revealed that application of 20 t FYM ha-1 and reducing commercial inorganic N fertilizer to 60 kg N ha-1 (T6) and R- (mungbean residues removed) gave the highest relative increase in income (RII). It can be concluded from this study that application of balanced rate of fertilizers in combination with farmyard manure (FYM) would improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties and restore crop productivity under wheat-mungbean-wheat cropping system on sustainable basis. Mungbean is a very useful crop, as its pods can be picked and the crop biomass can be incorporated to improve the fertility of soil. Keeping in view the importance of legumes in cereal legume rotation, wheat-mungbean-wheat cropping system and application of 20 t FYM ha-1 and reducing commercial inorganic N fertilizer to 60 kg N ha-1 for wheat crop is recommended for restoring crop productivity on eroded lands.
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