Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

تانیثیت اور اردو شاعری

عربی لفظ ’تانیث‘’تانیثیت‘سے مشتق انگریزی متبادل’Feminism‘لاطینی اصطلاح ‘Femina’ کا مترادف ہے۔ معنیٰ ومفہوم تَحرِيکِ نِسواں ، نَظَرِيَہ ،حَقُوقِ نِسواں اور نِسوانِيَت کے ہیں۔عتیق اللہ رقم طراز ہیں’’تانیثیت کا موقف اُس عورت کوDeconstructکرناہے جو اپنی ذات ہی سے بے خبر نہیں تھی بلکہ اس سماجی تہذیبی منظر نامے سے بھی نا بلد تھی جس کے جبرنے اُسے مجہول حقیقت میں بدل کر رکھ دیا تھا۔‘‘(عتیق اللہ ،تعصّبات ،ایم ۔آر۔پبلی کیشنز،ص۱۱۳، نئی دہلی،۲۰۰۵)

تانیثیت ایسی تحریک ہے جس میں لڑکی کی پیدائش سے موت تک در پیش ہونے والے مسائل حل کرنےسے متعلق جو کوششیں کی جا رہی ہیں وہی ثانیثیت ہے۔اس کادائرہ بہت وسیع ہے۔اردو ادب میں بھی متعددخواتین قلم کاروں نے تانیثی فکر کو موضوع بنایا ۔جن کے چند اہم نام اللّہ عارفہ،عصمت چغتائی،قرۃ العین حیدر،فہمیدہ ریاض،پروین شاکر، کشورناہید، شہنازنبی، فرخندہ نسرین، شفیق فاطمہ،ساجدہ زیدی،سارہ شگفتہ،رفیعہ شبنم عابدی،بلقیس ظفیرالحسن،صالحہ عابد حسین،ترنم ریاض اور عنبری رحمٰن قابل ذکر ہیں جنہوں نے خواتین کی نجی زندگی اور سماج میں ان کا صحیح مقام دلانے کے لیے بذریعہ تخلیقات احتجاج کیا۔

نسائی شعور دراصل مابعد جدید پوسٹ ماڈرن رویوں کے آگہی کا نام ہے جوہماری فکر کا مکمل حصہ نہیں بن سکا کیوں کہ ہماری قدریں روایتی طورپر مردوں کی فکر کی تابع رہی ہیں،ان میں عورت کا حصہ نہ ہونے کےبرابر ہے اب صورت حال یہ ہے کہ عورتیں مرد کی حاکمیت اور ان کےتابع رسم و رواج سے آزاد ہو کر اپنے آپ کو اس آئینے میں دیکھ رہی ہیں جو ان کا اور ان سے متعلق معاشرے کا سچا اور اصلی روپ سامنے لاسکے۔)کراچی ،اکادمی  بازیافت،جنوری تا جون،2003ء،ص21) (ضمیر علی بدایوانی    ،فاطمہ حسن ،نسائیت کی تحریک اور اردو ادب،مکالمہ ،(کتابی سلسلہ(10)

اردو میں مختلف ادبی تحریکات،رجحانات اور نظریات کی طرح تانیثیت نے بھی نثر ونظم میں اپنی ایک...

Legal Authority of the Prophet Muhammad and the Orientalists: A Critical Study

Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.

Synthesis, Characterization & Biological Studies of Terphenyls, Quinoline & Pyridine Derivatives Through Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions

This dissertation is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is general overview which introduces transition metals catalyzed cross coupling reactions especially Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These have recently emerged as one of the most powerful and fundamental transformations in organic syntheses. Among the several palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, Suzuki-Miyura cross-coupling reaction has become an extremely important method for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. The second chapter describes the synthesis of fluorinated terphenyls synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 1, 4-dibromo-2, 5-difluorobenzene with different boronic acids. Fluorinated terphenyls were obtained in high yields. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, FT-IR and single crystal X-Ray analysis. Mono-arylation was also observed in a compound 4, 4’-dibromo-2, 5-difluorobiphenylby using 1 equivalent of arylboronic acid. The third chapter describes the syntheses of 3-arylated quinolines synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 3-bromoquinoline with different boronic acids. Several trials were made to enhance yield of final products by using different catalytic systems. Extensively diversified arylated quinolines were synthesized in relatively high yields. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, FT-IR and single crystal X-Ray analysis. Synthesized arylated quinolines are not readily available by any other methodologies. The Fourth chapter describes the syntheses of 2, 5-diarylated pyridine synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 2,5-dibromopyridine with different boronic acids. Diversified results were obtained as 4 different products 5, 6, 8 and 9 were obtained even after using 2.2 equivalents of different aryl boronic acids. Regioselectivity is also studied and well characterized with help of XRD analysis. Abstract x The fifth chapter describes the experimental procedures and characterization data of synthesized compounds. The sixth chapter describes the biological activities of the synthesized compounds. These compounds were subjected to various biological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antinociceptive and urease inhibition activities. The overall biological activity screening demonstrated that majority of these compounds are significantly bioactive. The last chapter describes the solubilization of quinoline derivatives in micellar solutions of surfactants. In micellar solutions of surfactants the solubility of the quinoline derivatives increased linearly with the increase in surfactant concentration irrespective of the type of surfactant. The molar solubilization ratio (MSR), micelle-water partition coefficient (KM), and the Gibbs energy of solubilization (Δ???) of these compounds in the micelles were determined and correlated with each other. This comparative study can be used to select an appropriate medium for the quinoline derivatives solubilization.
Author