Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

قربانِ زمانہ ہے توؐ دارینِ تصدق


قربان زمانہ ہے تو دارین تصدّق
ِکونین کے سلطانؐ پہ کونین تصدّق

راہِ شہِ بطحاؐ پہ ہوئی سدرہ بھی نازاں
’’مازاغ‘‘ پہ ہے منزلِ ’’قوسین‘‘ تصدّق

افلاک کی حسرت ہی رہی بوسۂ پا لے
نعلینِ مقدّس رہے مابین تصدّق

اُس جانِ دو عالمؐ پہ فدا جانِ حزیں ہو
اُس راحتِ دلؐ پر دلِ بے چین تصدّق

ہے رحمتِ کونینؐ کو سبطین سے اُلفت
دینِ شہِ کونینؐ پہ سبطین تصدّق

جب وقتِ سحر صحنِ حرم میں ہوئی آمد
تھے منصفِ اسودؐ پہ فریقین تصدّق

تسکینِ نظر روضۂ محبوبِ نظرؐ ہے
اِس منظرِ پُر نُور پہ دو نین تصدّق

خوشیوں کا نگر لمحۂ مولود سے آباد
میلاد کے لمحات پہ عیدین تصدّق

عرفانؔ کے لب پر سرِ کوثر یہی ہو گا
دو بوند پہ ہو ’’مجمعِ بحرین‘‘ تصدّق

Pesantren Virtual: Dinamisasi atau Disrupsi Pesantren?

The industrial revolution that penetrated the world of education forced Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren), as part of education, to mutate in new form to find the ideal format as an adaptive step to keep up to date. Pesantren which have a cultural base of traditional society make various efforts to make acculturation with technology. The efforts of these pesantren can be seen from the number of pesantren websites, which provide information about pesantren and religious programs online. On the other hand, virtual pesantren have also emerged, which do not have a real pesantren institutional base in the community, using online media as an operational base. Some of these virtual Islamic boarding schools have strong buildings in cyberspace, with a wider reach than Islamic boarding schools. Its flexible and open nature makes virtual pesantren have their own community in cyberspace. Furthermore, problems arise when virtual Islamic boarding schools intersect with conventional Pesantren in cyberspace. This research is a library research that uses printed and online media as data sources. This study aims to find differences in the characteristics of virtual pesantren, and their relationship with the dynamics of pesantren in the era 4.0. From the content analysis conducted at several virtual pesantren, it was found that some of them used the same name as real pesantren, thus creating ambiguity of virtual pesantren

Cytochrome P450 Genetic Variants As Predictor of Personalized Therapy in Pakistani Population

The CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphism are associated with pretreatment drug response prediction, metabolism and disposition. Pakistan consists of a population comprising of various ethnic groups residing in different regions of the country each claiming diverse ethnic origins. The identification of the CYP450 genotypic composition of these populations is therefore necessary to avoid adverse drug reactions in these individuals. The study objective was to investigate the CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*17 frequency in nine Pakistani ethnic groups and to check their association with hypertension. DNA was extracted and analyzed by AS-PCR. Four phenotypes were observed and they were: extensive metabolizer (EM), poor metabolizer (PM), intermediate metabolizer (IM) and ultra-rapid metabolizer (UM). Regarding population, over all the percentage of predicted PM allele (CYP2C19*2) was 29.0% compared to (CYP2C19*17) UM allele 23.70%. Among the studied groups, Saraiki and Brahui showed highest percentage of PM allele (40%, 36%) whereas Parsi and Hazara had highest percentage of UM allele (37% and 30% respectively). In case of CYP2C9, CYP2C9*2 showed highest frequency in Saraiki (51%) and Burusho (45%), while in case of CYP2C9*3 Brahui (49%) and Hazara (47%) showed highest frequency. Overall, 75%, 25%; 64.2%, 35.8 % of CYP2C19*2 and 66.6%, 33.4%; 75.6%, 24.4% of CYP2C19*17 wild type and mutant allele frequency was observed in patients and controls (p<0.05). Similarly, 51%, 49%; 76%, 24% of CYP2C9*2 and 46.5%, 53.5%; 46%, 54% of CYP2C9*3 wild type and mutant allele frequency was observed in patients and controls (p<0.05). In conclusion the high prevalance of CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2 and *17 in Pakistani population leads to the recommendation of a pre-treatment test to monitor drug response and dosage (personalized medicine) to avoid post-treatment adverse drug reactions.
Author