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۵۷۔کسے معلوم انجام محبت

کسے معلوم انجام ِ محبت
تیرے وعدوں کے خمیدہ رستے پر
میری نڈھال حسرتوں سے اور نہیں چلا جاتا
تم سے جڑی ہر آس بغاوت پراتر آئی ہے
تمھاری یہ محبت جفائوں کا آمیختہ ہے
تمھاری تسلیاں اور پیار کے دلاسے سب میرا آموختہ ہے
ہر صبح میری سرخ آنکھیں امیدِ نوکا سورج دیکھتی ہیں
مگر جب شام سرمئی اندھیرا پہن لیتی ہے
انتظار کے چراغوں کا دھواں آنکھوں کی پتلیاں پھیلا دیتا ہے
یہ انتظار کب مجھے نیند کی وادی میں دھکیل دیتا ہے، معلوم نہیں
خوابوں کی تتلیاں بو جھل پلکوں پر آبیٹھتی ہیں
رات بھر تیرے خوابوں کی ایک مجلس بپارہتی ہے
سَحرہونے سے ذرا پہلے ایک ماتمی جلوس برآمد ہوتا ہے
حسرتیں نوحہ کناں ہوتی ہیں
آہیں اورنالے زنجیر زنی کرتے ہیں
محبت اپنے ’’ہونے ‘‘ اور ’’نہ ہونے‘‘ کی مرثیہ خوانی میں مصروف ہے
دل ایک کونے میں پڑا کانپتا ہوا محوِ دعا ہے
منتظر ہے کسی سورج کی حدت بھری کرنوں کا
جو اس کے بدن میں استراحت بھر دیں

APIP dalam Pelaksanaan Maturitas SPIP Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus in Implementing the Maturity of the Government Internal Control System

One of the problems that still occur in Indonesia today is the weakness of the Government Internal Control System (SPIP). This is indicated by the many findings of BPK's examination of weaknesses in the government's internal control system. In this case, there is a role for government internal auditors that are highly expected to create an effective and sustainable control system. This study aims to determine the effect of the role of APIP in implementing the Maturity of the SPIP at the Inspectorate Kab. South Solok. This research is a quantitative. The population and sample in this research were all government internal supervisory apparatus at the Inspectorate Kab. South Solok. Data collection technique used is through a questionnaire. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis. The instrument were tested using validity test, reliability test, and normality test. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the role of leadership, internal supervisors, consultants, and catalysts had a positive effect on the implementation of the maturity of SPIP. While the role of quality assurance has a negative effect on the implementation of the maturity of SPIP.

Study of Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Strontium-Barium Hexaferrite Nanomaterials for Potential Technological Applications

In recent years, there has been intense search for materials which are ferri- magnetic and possess high values of electrical resistivity and magnetization together with low dielectric losses. Such materials are considered to have potential for useful applications in technology. Cationic doping in ferrites presents a promising technique for achieving such characteristics in ferrites. Here we report that doping hexagonal strontium-barium nanoferrites (Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5 Fe 12 O 19 ) with a binary mixture of RE-Ni (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) can surprisingly modify the properties of hitherto undoped strontium-barium hexaferrite. Different series of nanosized strontium-barium hexaferrite of nominal composition of Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5-x RE x Fe 12-y N iy O 19 (x = 0.00-0.10; y = 0.00-1.00) are prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method. The formation of nanosized hexaferrites with single hexagonal phase and homogenous morphology is probed using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analyses. The electrical properties are measured by the DC- electrical resistivity and the dielectric measurements. The magnetic susceptibility is measured by a magnetic susceptometer and the hysteresis loops are traced by the DC- magnetization measurements. The results obtained reveal that, by introducing a relatively small amount of RE-Ni (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) ions, an important modification of the structural, electrical and magnetic properties can be obtained. Thermal analysis reveals magnetoplumbite phase begins to be formed at ~1000 K and is completed at 1323 K; a conclusion also complimented by XRD studies. XRD studies show that all the synthesized samples are composed of a single magnetoplumbite phase. The average crystallite sizes in differently doped samples are in the range of 18-48 nm. TEM analysis of the undoped strontium-barium hexaferrite shows that particles appear to have well-defined hexagonal geometry having an average particle size in the range of 30-40 nm, which is comparable to the size of 36 nm calculated by the Scherrer equation. The results of SEM analysis indicate the appearance of homogenous surface of the synthesized sample with uniform particle sizes. Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity reflects the semi-conducting nature of the ferrites. The values of electrical resistivity and activation energy increase by substitution with different dopant contents of La-Ni, Ce-Ni and Pr-Ni up to a certain level but decrease by substitution with Nd-Ni. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decrease by increasing applied field frequency. The values ofdrift mobility, dielectric constant and loss tangent decrease by increasing the La-Ni, Ce-Ni and Pr-Ni contents but they increase by increasing Nd-Ni content. Possible mechanisms for the above mentioned result are discussed in terms of conduction mechanism via electron-hopping between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions and Maxwell-Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The value of Curie temperature decreases by the substitution of RE-Ni (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) ions, which has been explained in terms of the strength of exchange interactions. Doping with Ce-Ni, Pr-Ni and Nd-Ni, increases both the saturation magnetization and remanence in the ranges 66-102 emu/g and 43- 64 emu/g, respectively, but substitution with La-Ni ions results in their decrease. However, the value of coercivity decreases by increasing the content of La-Ni, Ce-Ni and Pr-Ni ions. The variations in the magnetic parameters shown by Mossbauer spectral analysis are explained on the basis of preferential site occupancy of the substituted cations. The compositional variation of hyperfine interaction parameters confirms the site occupancy of the doped cations in hexaferrite materials. The value of isomer shift for 2b, 12k and 4f 2 sites decreases by increasing the content of RE-Ni (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) ions. The value of quadrupole splitting for 2b site in the undoped strontium-barium hexaferrite decreases by the substitution of rare-earth ions and it slightly increases for the 4f 2 site. The variation of hyperfine magnetic field with dopant content of RE-Ni ions is akin to the compositional variation of saturation magnetization of RE-Ni doped strontium-barium hexaferrites. The results of the study have shown potential for application of these materials in the area of magnetic recording, permanent magnetic materials and surface mount devices for fabricating multilayer chip inductors. The Nd-Ni doped strontium-barium hexaferrites may be more useful as permanent magnets, owing to high values of magnetization and coercivity. High electrical resistivity and low dielectric losses are the characteristics required to reduce the eddy current losses.
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