Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

مولاناعبدالسلام ندوی

آہ مولانا عبدالسلام ندوی
تو نظیریؔ نہ فلک آمد وبودی جو مسیح
باز پس رفتی وکس قدر تو نشنافت دریغ
حضرت الاستاذ رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کا غم ابھی بھولا نہ تھا، مولانا سید مناظر احسن گیلانیؒ کی یاد ابھی بالکل تازہ تھی کہ ایک اور قدیم اور اہم علمی یادگار مٹ گئی اور مولانا عبدالسلام صاحب ندوی نے ۳ اور ۴ اکتوبر کی درمیانی شب کو دفعتہ انتقال کیا، دارالمصنفین کی پرانی بزم علمی کی یہی ایک شمع رہ گئی تھی جس سے اس دور کی یاد قائم تھی، افسوس کہ وہ ابھی گل ہوگئی، مرحوم مولانا شبلی کے شاگرد رشید دارالمصنفین کے پرانے رکن رکین اور اس کے علمی کاموں میں حضرت الاستاذ کے دست راست تھے، ایک زمانہ میں دونوں کا نام ساتھ ساتھ لیا جاتا تھا، وہ دارالمصنفین کے قیام کے ساتھ ہی اس سے وابستہ ہوگئے تھے اور مر کر اس سے جدا ہوئے۔
وہ فطری مصنف و اہل قلم اور ادیب و انشا پرداز تھے، ان کی اس استعداد کا اعتراف مولانا شبلیؒ کو ان کی طالب علمی کے زمانہ سے تھا، اور انھوں نے ان کے ایک کامیاب مصنف بننے کی پیشین گوئی کی تھی، یہ پیشین گوئی پوری ہوئی اور ہندوستان کے نامور مصنفین میں ان کا شمار ہوا، ان کی تصانیف نے دوسروں کو مصنف اور ادیب و انشا پرداز بنادیا اور ملک کا علمی مذاق بنانے میں ان کا بھی حصہ ہے، ان کی قوت اخذ بڑی تیز تھی، سرسری مطالعہ سے کتابوں کا جوہر کھینچ لیتے تھے قلم برداشتہ لکھتے تھے اور اس پر نظرثانی اور حک و اصلاح کی ضرورت بہت کم پیش آتی تھی، ان کا مسودہ اولیٰ ہی مبیضہ ہوتا تھا، قلم کی یہ پختگی کم مصنفین کو نصیب ہوتی ہے، علامہ شبلی کی زندگی ہی میں، الندوہ کے سب اڈیٹر اور اس کے...

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN STUDENTS' PHYSICS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN FACE TO FACE (OFFLINE) AND ONLINE LEARNING MODEL

This study aims to compare the learning outcomes of physics taught using face-to-face learning models with online learning models at Islamic Senior High School 2 Palu City in the academic year of 2021/2022. In this study, the X1 variable consists of the face-to-face model, the X2 variable is the online learning model, and the Y variable consists of the results of learning Physics. This study used quantitative research with comparative analysis techniques. The subject of the research was students of X IPA 1 at Islamic Senior High School 2 Palu, which is totaling 25 students. Data collection was carried out using student learning outcomes tests, observation, and documentation. The method used for the analysis of hypothesis testing is the paired sample t-test. Descriptive, normality, and homogeneity tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the learning outcomes of Physics subjects between face-to-face learning and the online learning model for class X IPA1 Islamic Senior High School 2 Palu in the academic year of 2021/2022. The results of the descriptive analysis calculation show that there is a difference between the Physics Learning Outcomes Taught Using the Face-to-Face Learning Model and the Online Learning Model in class X IPA1 in the academic year 2021/2022. This shows that the face-to-face learning model is more effective than the online learning model in physics subjects.

Shell Side Direct Expansion Evaporation of Ammonia on Plain Tube Bundle With Inlet Quality and Exit Superheat Effects

Shell and tube heat exchangers are widely used for various industrial refrigeration applications. There is no data available in open literature on the direct expansion evaporation characteristics of refrigerants on the shell side of tube bundle. With the current Ozone Depletion and Global Warming issues it is critical to develop systems with low charge refrigerants especially with natural refrigerants such as ammonia which has zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and zero Global Warming Potential (GWP). A comprehensive literature survey has been presented to summarize previous single phase correlations for estimating heat transfer coefficient inside circular tubes and studies performed with ammonia boiling outside single tube and bundles and the correlations thereof developed. Considerable amount of work has been performed and correlations developed for estimating heat transfer and pressure drop in smooth circular tubes for single phase flow. There are limited studies available on pool boiling and spray evaporation of ammonia outside single tube and bundle. As of now, there are no studies available in the open literature on the subject of direct expansion evaporation of refrigerants. The basic purpose of the present study is to quantify the effects of various parameters such as saturation temperature, heat flux, inlet quality and degree of exit superheat on the heat transfer performance for ammonia boiling on the shell side of tube bundle under direct expansion mode, and to develop empirical correlations. Overall performance of the heat exchanger and performance of individual passes are also studied. The design and details of the single phase and two phase experimental setup, instrumentations, data acquisition system and test heat exchanger are described. Single phase experiments were performed to develop single phase correlations for specific geometry and flow conditions for estimating heat transfer coefficient inside tube bundle using simple Wilson plot and modified Wilson plot method. Prandtl number was varied from 10 to 20, with Reynolds number ranging from 3000 to 15000. The correlations developed are compared vii with existing single phase correlations and were found to be in good agreement with the previous studies. Two phase experiments were performed at steady state conditions with ammonia boiling on the shell side of heat exchanger, while water/glycol solution flowing in the tubes. Saturation temperature was varied from -1.7 to -20 , inlet quality was varied from 0 to 0.3, and heat flux was varied between 5 and 45 , with exit degree of superheat ranging from 2 to 10 . Heat transfer coefficient was observed to increase with saturation temperature and heat flux and decrease with exit superheat (quality) because of the diminishing effect of boiling and dominance of single-phase sensible regime. The effects of inlet quality on the average bundle performance were found to be negligible. Heat transfer coefficient slightly decreased or remained unchanged with inlet quality. The quality effects were found to be more dominant at higher saturation temperature than at lower saturation temperature. Bundle effect was observed between the passes which was a function of saturation temperature, heat flux and exit degree superheat. The present data suggests that bundle effect is less significant at low heat flux, with lower degree of exit superheat. The variations in heat transfer coefficients of individual passes are usually smaller under these circumstances. At higher exit degree superheat and heat flux the upper tubes experienced greater dry out which resulted in a sharp drop in their performance. The trend was similar across the saturation temperature range. The effects of exit degree of superheat became more dominant on the bundle performance over heat flux when ammonia was subjected to vapor quality at the inlet of the evaporator. With increase in the inlet quality the performance of lower three passes converge. Two phase pressure drop under direct expansion mode was found to be sufficiently small. The effects of saturation temperature and inlet quality on pressure drop were negligible. Pressure drop marginally increased with decrease in the degree of exit superheat and with increase in the heat flux.
Author