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۴ناول رقص نامہ میں سندھی عناصر اور سندھی سماج

ناول رقص نامہ میں سندھی عناصر اور سندھی سماج

کومل شہزادی،پی ایچ ڈی اسکالر

سندھ کی سرزمین دنیا کی واحد دھرتی ہے جہاں پہلے انسان حضرت آدم علیہ السلام کے قدم پڑے اور ان کی اولاد کا جنم و دفن ہوا ، ھابیل بن آدم دادو ضلع کے کا چھو کے علائقے کا سبوجبل ( پہاڑ) میں مدفون ہے حضرت محمد ﷺ کو بھی سندھ کی سر زمین سے بیحد پیار و محبت تھی جن کے حوالہ جات آگے آئیں گے۔قرآن پاک میں سندھی قوم کا ذکر ہوا ہے ،کتنے ہی سائنس اور تاریخی حوالہ جات ذاتی تجربات و مشاہدات کی بنیاد پر ثابت کرنے کی کوشش کی ہے کہ سندھ ہی انسانی و حیوانی ارتقا کا جنم بھومی ہے ۔جب تمام دنیا کی دھرتی برف کے تہوں سے برف پوش تھی تب سندھ کی دھرتی ہی وہ واحد خطہ ارض تھا جہاں برف نہیں ہوتی تھی  اور گرم رہنے والا خطہ تھا ،جہاں انسان اور حیوان موجود تھے ،شونکہ سردی میں انسان اور جاندار کا زندہ رہنا ممکن ہی نہیں ہوتا اور گرم علاقہ صرف سندھ کی سرزمین ہے سائنس  بھی اس بات کی تصدیق کرتی ہے ۔سندھ کی تاریخ عربوں کھربوں برس پرانی ہے ، سندھ کا خطہ تاریخ کے ان خطوں میں شمار کیا جاتا ہے جہاں مسلسل آبادی و خوشخالی رہی ہے ۔سندھ کی سرزمین پرموہن جو دڑو ، ہٹرپہ کی عظیم تہذیبوں نے جنم لیا جن کا مرکز موہن دڑو رہا ہے ،موہن جودڑو کی نسبت سے علما سے ملاقاتوں میں یہ بات سامنے آئی ہے  کہ عاد قبیلے کا جد امجد موھن نامی ایک شخص تھا ،جنہوں نے رنی کوٹ کا قلعہ تعمیر کروایا ۔سر زمین سندھ کو اپنے مورث اعلیٰ حضرت سندھ سے منسوب سات دریاؤں سے بھی منسوب کیا جاتا ہے ۔یہ سات...

أساليب الحافظ الزيلعي في نقد متون السنة من خلال نصب الراية

The methods of Al-Hafiz Al-Zaili in criticizing of text of the Sunnah as described in his book Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah. The science of criticism is well known science since the era of the Companions, and critics of the hadith of the honorable companions have played a very important role in the field of narration and carefully criticizing it. And by passage of the era of the Companions and beginning the era of the followers (tabieen), the criticism became more obvious depending on the growing need, especially after spreading of lie, and creation of fake hadith, which led the critics to further research and verification, for scrutiny between the narrations and then differentiation between the right and the weak. The imams and scholars of hadith from the era of the Companions till present continuously inheriting the approach of criticizing the narratives in succession of their predecessors, whether criticizing the narrators or the texts. I have seen that it is worthwhile to stand on the efforts and methods of one of the imams in his criticism of the hadiths and I have chosen the effort of Imam Hafiz al-Zaili through his book " Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah" to learn how he was using the standards traded among the scholars of Hadith for textual criticism of Sunnah. As the those denied the hadiths from orientalists and their followers and those who follow their example simply claim that the scholars of hadith did not criticize the Sunnah in true criticism and even if they have criticized the hadiths, their criticism was only concerning the narratives not the text, now it is clear through this article that the scholars of hadith did not leave the side of the text, but they criticized text as they criticized the attribution of the hadiths. They set solid rules, which remain scholarly proven and accurate forever. We will revolve in this article around the following topics: learning about Al Hafez Zaili and the science of criticism, methods of textual criticism according to Hafiz Zaili, by focusing on: Criticism of the hadiths for violating the explicit meaning of the Qur'an, or for contradicting the Sunnah, or for contradicting the explicit consensus, or for risking and exaggerating the promise or the warning of simple action, or lack thereof in books of hadith These are the most important rules sited by al-Hafiz al-Zaili, which he practiced and criticized the hadiths and distinguished them between the correct and the weak.

Opto-Electronic Response of Spinel Compounds Through Modified Becke-Johnson Exchange Potential

Theoritical Study is carried out on some of the Spinel compounds. These compounds have wide range applications in various optoelectronic devices, industries and ornamental purposes being natural gem stones. For the better performance and practical applications of these Spinel compounds the newly suggested approximation is used known as the "modified Becke-Johnson potential approximation (mBJ)" as presented in the Wien2K computer package which is commercially available. The optoelectronic responses of SnX2O4 (X= Mg, Zn), MgIn2O4, SiZn2O4, GeX2O4 (X= Mg, Cd) and CdX2O4 (X= In, Ga, Al) are calculated and presented. The calculated total and partial density of states of the studied compounds within only the mBJ approximation is a prototype since the patterns of the density of states for all approximations are almost similar to each other. In MgIn2O4 charge distribution between the cation and anions is uniform; hence the bonding nature is mainly covalent. Electron effective masses of CdX2O4 are calculated, CdGa2O4 has higher mobility of charge carriers as compared to CdAl2O4 and CdIn2O4. A unique character of cation replacement is observed in these compounds. If we replace the cation in all of the above studied compounds the band gap and its dependent optical parameters change which demonstrate the wide range applicability and appropriateness of these compounds in various optoelectronic instruments. All of the herein studied materials are found to have direct band gaps and hence most suitable for optoelectronic instruments.
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