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108. Al-Kawthar/The Abundance

108. Al-Kawthar/The Abundance

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

108:01
a. O The Prophet!
b. Surely WE have granted you unceasing abundance.

108:02
a. So stand in Salat/Prayers for your Rabb - The Lord with devotion and dedication, and
b. make sacrifice for HIM in gratitude.

108:03
a. Indeed, your opponent who satirizes you and detests you – he has been cut off from all that is good and posterity.

The Role and Responsibilities of Youth in Islam

Youth is considered to be the backbone of any nation. The level of moral development, civilization and consolidation of authority and potency depends on the morality of its youth. It can be said that nations survive till their ethics live. The question of youth and Islam at present stems from the overwhelming demographic weight of youth and their relatively recent invasion into the public domain, as well as a wave of Islamic revivalism throughout the world. For any society and its future the youth plays vital and integral role both for progress and decline. The reason is that youth can make the future dark or bright through their role as individuals and as active members of society. This paper draws on lively focus group narratives of young Muslims to explore the interactive presentation of Islamic selves. By bringing together young people who practice Islam in different ways, this paper offers a deeper insight into how claims to a universal identity are actively constructed and contested through particular social relationships and interactions in specific structural contexts. The first part of the paper presents introduction of the whole study. Second part gives description about the categories of youth including; pious, deviated and confused. In third part importance of youth in Islam has been highlighted. Fourth part presents social, moral, political situation of Muslim societies in contemporary time. Fifth part gives description of impact of moral, social, and political situation on the minds of young people. Discussion concludes with the responsibilities of youth which is followed by findings and conclusion of the whole discussion. In so doing, the paper takes up recent calls for more research on the personal meaning of Islam as religion for Muslim youth

Isolation of Newcastle Disease Viruses from Live Birds Markets and National Zoological Parks in Lahore District

Avian orthoavulaviruse-1 (AOAV-1) including highly pathogenic strains, pose severe economic and animal health concerns in developing countries. Live Bird Markets (LBMs) in Asian countries are considered as hubs for the spread and maintenance of different avian infectious diseases. In developing countries, poultry trade is characterized by complex chains comprising of many factors with limited biosecurity. In Pakistan, there is lack of uniformity in practices used in LBMs, leading to heavy impact in the spread of the disease. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify risk factors associated with AOAV-1 infections and their genetic characterization in LBMs from eight-towns of Lahore district during 2016-2018. A total of 189 poultry stalls (n=1015 birds) distributed in eight-towns were visited and a pool of 5-6 oropharyngeal swab samples was collected from each stall and tasted by RT-PCR for the Fusion (F) gene. Ninety-one (91) of 189 swab samples were found positive for AOAV-1s.The overall prevalence of the AOAV-1in poultry stalls was 48.14% (95% Cl = 41.13-55.24) observed. Data for eleven potential risk factors acquired through detailed questionnaires were analyzed by survey-weighted logistic regression and prevalence odds ratios (OR) for associated risk factors were calculated. A total of 24 AOAV-1 isolates were sequenced to examine the circulating genotype through complete F-gene. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi, genotype VII class II. This study provides important information on epidemiology and control of AOAV-Iin Pakistan and highlights the importance of implementing surveillances and biosecurity practices in LBMs.
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