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فصل سوم: آیاتِ استفہام میں فہمِ عبادات

دین کی اصل توحید ہے قرآن کے مطلوب انسان کی زندگی ایک اللہ کی وفادار ہوتی ہے اس کا ہر سجدہ ،ہر امید، ہر اندیشہ، ہر محبت، ہر خوف، ہر دعا ،ہر عبادت صرف اور صرف اللہ کے لئے ہوتی ہے وہ اپنے رب کے ساتھ کسی کو شریک کرنے کا تصور بھی نہیں کر سکتا اللہ کے سوا کوئی رب نہیں ہے وہ واحد و یکتا ہے وہی معبود برحق ہے ۔

اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ قرآن مجید میں ارشاد فرماتے ہیں:

" اِنَّ اِلٰهَكُم لَوَاحِدٌ "۔[[1]]

"بیشک الہ تم سب کا ایک ہے"۔

قرآن میں بہت سے مقامات پر ہمیں توحید کا بیان ملتا ہے۔اس آیت میں الہ کی بنیادی نوعیت یہ ہے کہ معبود حقیقی سب کا ایک ہی ہے۔ اس میں تعدد کا احتمال نہیں ہے یہ خدائی اور معبودی ہے نہ اس کے سوا کسی کو معبود بنا سکتے ہیں اور نہ ہی کسی اور سے خیر کی توقع کی جا سکتی ہے۔ یہ توحید ہی سب سے پہلی اور سب سے بڑی چیز ہے جو ملت ابراہیم علیہ السلام کی وراثت کی حیثیت سے اس امت مسلمہ کی طرف منتقل ہوئی ہے ۔ اللہ تعالیٰ اپنی ذات و صفات میں یکتاو یگانہ ہے کوئی اس کی برابری کرنے والا نہیں ہے کوئی اسکا ہمسر مسلمان ہونے کے لیے ان تمام عقائد پر ایمان لانا ضروری ہے جن کو ہمیں قرآن میں حکم دیا گیا ہے۔

 ارکان"رکن" کی جمع ہے اور رکن کسی بھی چیز کا اہم جز ہوتا ہے جس کے بغیر وہ مکمل نہیں ہوسکتی ایمان کے چھ ارکان ہیں لہذا اگر ایمان کا ایک رکن بھی ساقط ہو جائے تو انسان مومن نہیں رہتا خواہ وہ لاکھ ایمان کے دعوے کرتا رہے جیسے...

عقیدہ تناسخ اور عہد الست میں فرق کے حوالے سے امام رازی کے موقف کا جائزہ

Reincarnation is a basic Hindu belief according to which the soul of a person is recreated for second time in different shapes according to their different actions. It is known as the belief of Samsara or reincarnation in Hinduism. If the person who passes away is good, his soul is transferred into a beautiful and nice body like that of birds etc. But if he is an evil person, his soul is transferred into ugly insects and animals etc. According to this belief, the difference between two human beings is due to the difference in their previous action or “karma” that he has committed in his previous birth. Human actions cannot be fruitful in this world and this is why a second birth is needed. This belief is wrong from Shariah perspective and it contradicts the basic Islamic belief of resurrection. Reincarnation assumes that there is no specific day on which actions will be rewarded; rather it is Auagun or Juni Cycle through which a human being deserves positive or negative reward. Imam Razi has refuted this belief through both logical and textual evidences. He has also replied the objections raised against the covenant of “alast”. (الست) According to Shariah, there is a second world beyond this physical for reward or punishment of deeds which is known as the Day of Judgment Doomsday.  On this day, the Scale will be set and human actions will be weighed. Consequently, he will deserve either Paradise or hell. Paradise is an abode of perpetual rest and satisfaction whereas hell is a place of humiliation and degradation.  

Political Economy of Growth: An Evaluation of Revenue Department/Administration With Special Focus on District Faisalabad

In the agrarian economy like sub-continent, the land revenue has traditionally remained a major source of revenue collection by the government especially in absence of industrialization. Mughals established the skeleton of the land administration in sub-continent and the colonial regime of Britain later developed muscles on it. Purpose was maximum collection of revenue to bear the expenses of state craft. In order to maximize the potential of wasteland especially in Punjab, the British introduced the most extensive and efficient system of canal irrigation at that time. Huge but hitherto unpopulated and uncultivated tracts of west Punjab now Pakistan were made irrigable by means of digging of a network of canals from Indus River System and by offering lucrative grants of fertile lands to the leading agriculturist classes in east Punjab now India. This scheme opened new vistas for development in plains of five rivers in Punjab and a new socio-economic milieu took birth here by employing the prowess and entrepreneurship of landed gentry from east Punjab. Not only theses engineering and administrative feats changed the demographic profile as well as subsequent socio-economic and political landscape of Punjab but also greatly enhanced the avenues of land revenue collection. Many new taxes, rents, fees and cesses were introduced under the relevant Acts to be collected from the landowners, peasants and tenants as the case might be. The base of the land revenue widened a great deal and the revenue increased tremendously. This phenomenon of canal colonies was awesome and remains so for many till today. However, the subject matter of present study is the efficiency of the revenue administration and its efficacy in collection of land revenue. For that matter, the district Faisalabad has been selected as area of study first because it was at the heart of the Chenab Colony, the biggest canal colony and secondly the researcher worked there in the revenue department at tehsil and district level and directly imbibed information from the environment and came up with multiple observations on its present working.
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