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مولانا عبدالحفیظ بلیاوی

مولانا عبدالحفیظ بلیاوی
ابھی چند روز ہوئے (۲۶ ؍جولائی کو) مولانا عبدالحفیظ صاحب بلیاوی بھی ہم کوداغِ مفارقت دے گئے۔انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ مرحوم دارالعلوم دیوبند کے قدیم فارغ التحصیل تھے اوراب ادھر ایک عرصہ سے ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں عربی زبان وادب اوردوسرے علوم وفنون دینیہ کے نامور استاد تھے۔استعداد بڑی پختہ تھی اورمطالعہ وسیع تھا۔عربی زبان وادب کاذوق فطری تھا جس کی شاہد عدل ان کی مشہور متداول کتاب ’’مصباح اللغات ‘‘مطبوعہ مکتبہ برہان ہے اور جس پران کو وزارت تعلیم اور یوپی گورنمنٹ کی طرف سے انعامات بھی ملے تھے۔ طبعاً بڑے متواضع، خوددار اور خلیق و ملنسار تھے۔ ابھی گزشتہ مئی کی ۱۷؍ تاریخ کوان کی قیام گاہ پران سے ملاقات ہوئی تھی ۔چند ماہ سے بیمار تھے لیکن اس وقت اس کا خیال بھی نہیں تھاکہ یوم موعود اتنا قریب ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ابرار وصلحا ء کامقام جلیل عطا فرمائے ۔آمین [اگست ۱۹۷۱ء]

 

Media Framing of the ‘War on Terror’: The Case of Urdu-Language Elite Press During the Dictatorial Regime in Pakistan

This research is focused on press-government relationship on the issue of ‘War on Terrorism’ (WoT) during the dictatorial regime led by the then military ruler General Pervez Musharraf who remained in power till 2008 in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Global war against terrorism, generally known as ‘war on terror’ was actually started by the United States of America in the aftermath of 9/11 episode in 2001. Pakistan, on US demand, had not only become an important ally of the grand alliance formed under the umbrella of the United States but had also adopted the role of a frontline state just to fight the war against terrorism (WoT) alongside the war allies. Generally mass media have the potential to influence public opinion and help reshape the states’ policies on different issues. Likewise, mass media of Pakistan also took an active part in the war either by going alongside the then dictatorial government or against it. This research is based on examining the way the Urdu language elite press, the most popular mass media of Pakistan, covered the dictatorial regime of President General Pervez Musharraf with regard to its policy on the issue of ‘WoT’. Main purpose of this study is to know the nature of relationship between the Urdu-language elite press and the dictatorial government of Gen Musharraf in Pakistan with regard to their policy positions on ‘WoT’ from 2001 to 2008. Three newspapers including daily Jang, daily Nawa-I-Waqt, and daily Pakistan, considered to be representatives of the Urdu-language elite press of Pakistan, were selected for this study. The method used to measure the phenomenon is called framing where contents of the selected dailies were measured both quantitatively and qualitatively. Data were collected through systematic sampling method, while coding sheet was used as a tool for data collection. Unsigned main editorials of the selected newspapers were analyzed to examine the nature of relationship existed between the two entities i.e. The Urdu-language elite press, and the dictatorial government of Gen Pervez Musharraf, on the issue of ‘WoT’ in Pakistan. The results revealed that the selected elite newspapers, in general, remained critical to the dictatorial regime on the issue of ‘WoT’. The findings also revealed that daily Nawa-I-Waqt remained highly critical to the government as compared to its other contemporaries i.e. Daily Jang, and daily Pakistan. It was also revealed that the Urdu-language elite press while framing the ‘War on Terror’ remained somewhat supportive and rarely neutral to the dictatorial regime on it policy on ‘WoT’.

Synthesis and Charaterization of Polyurethane Composite Materials Derived from Hydroxy Terminated Polyepichlorohydrins

Hydroxy terminated polyepichlorohydrins (PECH) of different molecular weights were synthesized using a novel catalyst and co-catalyst combinations. Different polymerization conditions like temperature, time and monomer addition rates exhibited pronounced effect on the molecular weight, polydispersity and functionality of the products. After optimization of the conditions, polyepichlorohydrins of three different molecular weights i.e., 1045, 2497 and 3521 daltons were selected for the preparation of their polyurethane elastomers (PUE). The DSC studies of the polyol displayed linear increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with the increase in its molecular weight (-35.6 to -28.3 oC). In second part of the present study two series of polyurethane elastomers were prepared by prepolymer method from polyepichlorohydrins (polyols) of three different molecular weights, aromatic (TDI) and cycloaliphatic (IPDI) diisocyanates and three chain extenders (1,4-butadiol, 1,6-hexanediol and cyclohexanedimethanol). The structural elucidation of PECH and its elastomers was carried out by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The change in molecular weight (polyol), type of diisocyanate, nature of chain extender and amount of chain extenders engendered significant effect on the surface morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of the resulting PUEs. Aromatic diisocyanate based elastomer (P25TDIDM10) exhibited optimum UTS (8.11 MPa) and elongation at break (511.7%) whereas cycloaliphatic diisocyanate elastomer (P10IPDIDM10) showed 8.58 MPa UTS and elongation at break (511.7%). All the polyurethane elastomers were stable up to 200 °C and were degraded without melting to constant mass above 450 °C. Tg of TDI based PUE was increased to -16 oC while in IPDI series it was further shifted to 7.98 oC. In the third part of this research work, selective polyurethane elastomer P10IPDIDM10 was used, due to its superior properties, as a matrix for the synthesis of polymer based composites. Graphite, aluminium flakes and aluminium powder were used in different proportions (5-15%) as fillers in the polymer matrix composites. Incorporation of fillers enhanced the UTS with corresponding decrease in elongation at break, whereas in case of graphite, electrical properties of the composite were also improved. The present study revealed that the synthesized PUEs and composites were found promising candidates for various advanced applications.
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