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نیا ز احمد صدیقی

آہ! جناب نیاز احمد صدیقی
اسی مہینہ یعنی مارچ ۱۹۸۳؁ء میں جناب نیاز احمد صدیقی تقریباً ۸۴ سال کی عمر میں اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، وہ کوئی ادیب شاعر، نقاد اور مصنف نہ تھے، شروع سے آخر تک انگریزی زبان کے قابل قدر استاذ رہے، وطن مریاہو ضلع جونپور تھا، اردو زبان کے مایہ ناز ادیب اور نقاد جناب رشید احمد صدیقی کے چھوٹے بھائی تھے، مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ سے ایم اے، ایل ایل بی اور بی ٹی کی ڈگریاں حاصل کرکے شبلی اسکول اعظم گڑھ میں انگریزی کے استاد ہوئے، پھر جب یہ اسکول انٹر اور ڈگری کالج بنا، تو اس کے انگریزی کے لکچرر مقرر کئے گئے، آخر میں محمد حسن انٹر کالج کے پرنسپل بنے، وہاں سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں کچھ دنوں انگریزی پڑھاتے رہے، یہی ان کی زندگی کی مختصر روداد ہے، مگر وہ ان چند شریف انسانوں میں تھے، جو حدیث سوزو ساز زندگی کے حامل، اخوت کے بیان اور محبت کی زبان بن کر اپنے گھر والوں، دوستوں اور معاصروں کے ساتھ رہے، اپنی اس طویل زندگی کے سولہ برس دارالمصنفین کے احاطہ میں گزارے اور اس کے شب و روز کو پر کیف بنانے میں کوئی کسر اٹھا نہیں رکھی، کوئی مسئلہ ہوتا، کوئی نازک وقت آتا، یا کوئی تقریب ہوتی، تو ہر موقع پر اپنے مخلصانہ، مشفقانہ اور ناصحانہ مشوروں سے سب کی دل داری، دلنوازی اور رہنمائی کرتے، وہ یہاں کی زندگی کے جزولاینفک ہوگئے تھے، اپنے شریفانہ برتاؤ، اخلاقی بلندی اور روزمرہ کی زندگی کے لین دین کی طہارت اور صاف باطنی میں قرونِ اولیٰ کی روایت کو تازہ کرتے، ان کی پاک اور طاہر زندگی پر اس وقت رشک آتا جب دارالمصنفین کے احاطہ کے اندر بعض لوگوں کی زبان سے یہ سننے میں آتا کہ ایک صحابی کی زندگی...

Enlightened Message of Sufism Towards Peaceful Pakistan

In today’s world mankind seems to be skidding towards chaos and violence. Mankind is divided on the lines of faith, race, sect, colour, cast, language and creed. Odium and intolerance have become the orders of the day. This condition pushes to take the refuge of religion but the religious radicalism, intolerance and discrimination are also in the fold. In this situation Sufi message comes to give shelter for peace, love and humanity. The enlightened Sufi message is not for one nation, race, or community but it is for the whole of humanity. Pakistan has faced terrified situations due to dangerous trends of religious extremism, radicalism and social intolerance. In order to understand this problem, the concept of Sufism has been applied. This has been used as an approach / methodology to evade from hated and violent tendency to reorient Pakistan back on the track to peace and prosperity. Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan have been taken as case study to give the empirical evidence. This study demonstrates that the enlightened message of Sufism has enough potential to bring back peaceful environment.

Legal Aspects of Sense of Capability Mens Rea to Actus Reus As the Main Cause of Crimes

1. Crime is the byproduct of a social life, which emerges with establishment of social setups. The first known crime is the murder of ‘Abel’ by ‘Cain’ to get a benefit made for the former. Many criminologists suggest that crimes in a society are like diseases in a body. Science has proven that the attacking germs like virus or bacteria may be present in a body but the diseases only appear when the effecting germs find conducive and favorable environment for them. Similarly there may be many reasons that would motivate a person to commit a crime but crime is only committed when the executor finds suitable situation and considers himself capable of it. 2. Criminologists have found many grounds that lead to commission of crimes like deviation from religious teachings, free will, hereditary linkage, physical and mental conditions of culprits, family life, cultural and social environments, atmosphere of training and working places and the poverty. Everyone has tried to prove his/her philosophy through research and experiments upon the criminal behavior. However, most of these theories have been negated by one way or the other and work is still going on. 3. Critical study of the above theories reveals that beside other factor, the crime is not committed until a criminal assumes capability for commission of crime, as observed by Goethe, “there is no crime of which I do not deem myself capable”. Hence, there appears a common single factor that covers nearly all aspects applicable in all cases, at all the times and for all criminals in every society; the ‘Sense of Capability’ which enables persons to commit crimes. To bring a criminal to the task it is necessary that the guilt is to be established beyond any reasonable doubt that requires three elements; Mens Rea of the accused, the preparations made and the Actus Reus. Sense of capability or mental readiness specifically lies in preparation stage which is established through evidence. 4. Whether sense of capability can be considered as a main factor in crime causation is needed to be proved. It is a vast field of study wherein many opinions and rulings have be given by the peers of criminal behavior studies. In this thesis only “Legal aspects of ‘sense of capability’ (Mens Rea to Actus Reus) as the main cause of crimes” are being discussed.
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