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قانون کے ساتھ بڑے لوگوں کا کھلواڑ

قانون کے ساتھ بڑے لوگو ں کا کھلواڑ

                مصنف نے  ایسے طبقے کا ذکر کیا ہے جو ان لوگوں کو راضی رکھنا فرض سمجھتے ہیں جن سے ان کو کام رہتا ہے۔زیادہ تر گورنمنٹ کو راضی کرنے کے لیے گاؤں کے لوگوں کو نواب اور ذیلدار خود ہی اپنے طور طریقے سے سنبھال لیتے ہیں اور اس بات کی خبر بھی گورنمنٹ کو لگنے نہیں دیتے۔ اس طرح کچھ کو تو انصاف مل جاتا مگر زیادہ تر لوگ اپنی بات کو دل میں ہی دبا کر صبر کرلیتے ہیں۔ نواب اور ذیلدار بھی اپنی اپنی ذات میں اتنے مگن ہوتے ہیں کہ اپنے ماتحت کام کرنے والوں کے سپرد اپنی رعایا کردیتے ہیں۔ اس طرح غریب کی آواز گورنمنٹ تو کیا خود نواب تک بھی نہیں پہنچ پاتی۔ مصنف نے اس درد کو محسوس کیا کہ لوگ کس طرح اپنے حق کے لیے بھی آواز نہیں اٹھا پاتے اور اپنے حق سے دستبردار ہو جاتے ہیں۔معاشرے میں مختلف طبقات کا ہونا بھی ایک حقیقت ہے۔ یہ ایک بہت بڑی سچائی ہیکہ دنیا اختلاف رائے  پر قائم ہے۔ہر کوئی مختلف ہے رنگ، نسل،  زبان، عقائد، امیر، غریب، چھوٹا، بڑا، مختلف رنگ و نسل سے تعلق رکھنے والے مختلف قبائل کے لوگ ریگستانوں، دریاؤں، پہاڑوں،میدانوں کے باسی اور سب سے اہم مختلف نظریات  اور گروہوں کی شکل میں مختلف سیاسی پارٹیوں اور مختلف قائدین سے وابستہ لوگ۔اس سب کے باوجود ان کو جو چیز آپس میں ایک رکھتی ہے وہ ہے ان کاآپس میں اعتمادو یقین، اداریاور ملکی حکومت اس چیز کی ضامن ہوتی ہے کہ رویے انصاف پر مبنی ہوں اور یہی  انصاف پر مبنی رویے ہی مضبوط  معاشرے کی بنیاد بنتے ہیں۔ مگر وہاں جہاں کوئی ایک گروہ سرکش ہو جاتا ہے تو وہ اپنی اجارہ داری کی صورت میں سارا نظام...

Arrhythmias after Implantation of the Left Ventricular Assisted Device Arrhythmias after Implantation of the Left Ventricular Assisted Device

Cardiac arrhythmias has been frequently reported after left ventricular assist devices implantation but currently literature shows no sufficient information on cardiac arrhythmias. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and other features of ventricular and supra ventricular ectopic beats ((SVEB), atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter (AFL) post device implantation. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Department of Cardiac-Surgery, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy from June 2014-September 2016. Rhythm monitoring and registration were collected from 16 patients (13 males; 45±13years) during the first five (05) days after implantation. To assess late post-operative rhythm, patient’s hospital electronic records were used as well asfunctional hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure(MAP), right atrial pressure(RAP), heart rate(HR) and ST-deviation(d-ST). Results: Ventricular arrhythmia (n=9), atrial fibrillation (n=5) or atrial flutter (n=2) episodes were preoperatively present in 11 patients. Postoperatively, 5 patients developed either VT (n=2), AF (n=1) or both VT/AF (n=2) during a follow-up of 18±14 months. Prior to postoperative VT (POVT) episodes (n=123), MAP decreased, HR, d-ST increased and RAP remained unaltered. POVT were initiated either by single VEBS (28%), V-couplets (15%), V-run (46%) or occurred suddenly (11%). Conclusions: Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias are common after device implantation. The frequency of sustained VTA was less at early phase as compared to late postoperative phase.

Working Collaboratively With Teacher to Develop an Understanding About Linking School Mathematics and its Use in Children’S Daily Lives Experiences at Local Government School

This small-scale action research project explores the possibilities and challenges involved in facilitating a Mathematics Teacher in understanding the notion and practice of linking mathematics with students' real lives in their classroom contexts. The effort is based on the rationale that mathematics needs to be linked with real life in order to maximize the attainment of set curricular goals and objectives. However, the assumption is that in most cases the curricular goals and objectives are not satisfactorily met due to the teachers: a) limited access and understanding of curricular goals and objectives, and b) limited knowledge and expertise in effective implementation of the linking mathematics with students real lives. In this background, the project sees, linking mathematics with real life, as one of the important ways in assuring the attainment of goals and objectives of linking mathematics with students' real life experiences. To realize this aim, the action researcher worked with one secondary level secondary level mathematics teacher in a government school of Karachi, Pakistan. In this regard, the project studies the teachers existing perceptions and practice of linking mathematics with students' real lives. Subsequently, a strategic action plan was prepared and implemented to facilitate a teacher's understanding and practice of linking mathematics with real life. Subsequent planning and action remained responsive to any need for change arising out of the experiences of implementing the previous one. The data for the action process was collected through semi-structured interviews, lesson observations notes, the researcher's reflective journal and tape recordings. The gathered data was analyzed soon after each action step for reflection and further action. The study reports some possible strategies to facilitate a teacher in gaining an understanding about the notion of linking mathematics with real life. These are: 1) Using "input/training" session about "definition and theory" of linking mathematics with real life. 2) Sharing strategies for content, pedagogical and organizational linkage (i.e. mathematics with real life). For example, adding supplementary reading materials from sources other than the prescribed textbooks. At the same time and vein, the study also reports the challenges faced in the process; such as: time availability for action and its research and overemphasis on the theoretical input. The report concludes by presenting key learnings experienced as a teacher educator and an action researcher, and suggests a focus for further action research.
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