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پروفیسرجگن ناتھ آزاد

پروفیسر جگن ناتھ آزاد
ایک شریف اور باکمال انسان
۲۴؍ اگست ۲۰۰۴؁ء کو ملک کے مایہ ناز شاعر و ادیب، مشہور محقق و نقاد، اقبالیات کے ماہر اور اس کے پایہ شناس جناب جگن ناتھ آزاد اردو دنیا کو سوگوار اور مغموم چھوڑ کر چلے گئے، وہ اردو، اردو ثقافت، ملک کی گنگا جمنی تہذیب، فرقہ وارانہ ہم آہنگی، رواداری، وسیع المشربی اور بھائی چارگی کے علم بردار تھے، ان کی وفات پر کن کن چیزوں کا نوحہ و ماتم کیا جائے۔
جگن ناتھ آزاد صاحب ۱۵؍ دسمبر ۱۹۱۸؁ء کو مغربی پنجاب (پاکستان) کے شہر عیسیٰ خیل میں پیدا ہوئے جو ضلع میان والی کی ایک تحصیل تھا، ان کے والد پنڈت تلوک چند محروم پیشے کے اعتبار سے معلم تھے مگر خاندانی شرافت اور کمال کے ساتھ ایک صاحب ذوق اور بڑے قادر الکلام شاعر تھے، ان کا شمار اردو کے استاد شعرا میں ہوتا تھا، آزاد صاحب کو علم و ادب کا فطری ذوق تھا جس کو ان کے والد کی صحبت و تربیت نے بہت چمکا دیا تھا، ان کی ابتدائی تعلیم عیسیٰ خیل میں ہوئی، میانوالی سے میٹرک کا امتحان پاس کیا، ۱۹۳۵؁ء میں ڈی اے وی کالج راولپنڈی سے انٹرمیڈیٹ کیا اور ۱۹۳۷؁ء میں گارڈن کالج راولپنڈی سے بی اے کیا، ۱۹۴۴؁ء میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی لاہور سے فارسی میں ایم، اے کیا۔
وہ شروع ہی سے صحافت سے وابستہ رہے جب وہ انٹر کررہے تھے تو کالج میگزین کی ادارت ان کو سپرد کی گئی، اسی زمانے سے مضامین بھی لکھنے لگے تھے، نظم گوئی کی ابتدا اس سے بھی پہلے ہوچکی تھی، ان کا پہلا مقالہ ’’اقبال کی منظر نگاری‘‘ کے عنوان سے میاں بشیر احمد کے مشہور ادبی ماہنامہ ’’ہمایوں‘‘ لاہور میں چھپا، ۱۹۴۱؁ء میں ماہنامہ ’’ادبی دنیا‘‘ لاہور کی مجلس ادارت میں شامل ہوئے، ۱۹۴۶؁ء میں اردو روزنامہ...

سیرت طیبہ میں بلدیاتی نظام (میونسپلٹی) اور بنیادی عوامی سہولیات کے خدوخال

This study examines the community services and facilities provided seeking for, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy of life the in Madinah of State the in guidance in the social development of community by fulfilling the basic needs of citizens in the modern-day. By declaring Medina a first Muslim state, the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) rendered invaluable services for the betterment of his people. He stressed upon providing fundamental rights of the human beings. The focus of this article is to shed light upon the ways of providing the most important needs of the citizens, which have been insured in the state of Madīnah, especially but not limited to those of a Muslim community. Nonetheless, it further elaborates how a civil government can provide the basic infrastructure, development of roads, religion abodes, supplying clean water, and promotion of peace and harmony among the people, and the rights of minorities in the light of Sīrat-e-Ṭayyibah. The method used in this article is descriptive and analytical study of the relevant Aḥādith, and building arguments on it. This study concluded State the in municipality the of foundations the led (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy that of Madīnah, and the basic needs of food, shelter, clean water. It ensured a peaceful society. Moreover, it is suggested that these aspects and teachings of Sīrat should be blazoned widespread to pave the way for social development, peace and harmony.

Engineering Chloroplasts to Accumulate Antigenic Protein S to Immunize Poultry Birds Against Infectious Bursal Disease

Poultry industry is a dynamic sub-division of agriculture sector throughout the world as well as in Pakistan owing to rising global demand for this more affordable animal protein than red meat, due to exponential population growth and rapid urbanization in developing regions. However, the major problems encountered by the industry are infectious viral diseases; mainly infectious bursal disease (IBD), causing severe production and economic losses. Currently, live, attenuated or killed classical virus strains are used as vaccines to immunize birds but still outbreaks are reported even in vaccinated flocks probably owing to difference in antigenic structure between vaccine and field vvIBDV strains. Also, the current vaccine production systems including microbial, stable nuclear and transient plant viral technologies are not feasible in terms of cost and biosafety. So, as a preliminary step for development of clean quality and cost-effective recombinant subunit vaccine, a VP2 gene along with engineered choloroplast based Prrn promoter and PsbA terminator was synthesized commercially. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment with representative strains of different geographic origin confirmed the antigenic structure similarity of synthetic VP2 protein with those of circulating vvIBDV strains. Synthetic VP2 gene together with FLARE-S gene cassette was flanked by tobacco chloroplast flanking sequences through sequential cloning leading to development of final chloroplast transformation construct. Fully expanded 4-6 weeks old tobacco leaves were bombarded using a gene gun for chloroplast transformation. Initially, putative transplastomic lines regenerated on spectinomycin selection medium were selected by visual detection through gfp fluorescence as transplastomic sectors in a chimeric leaf tissue fluoresced green under UV light. These fluoresced sectors not only revealed heteroplasmic state of transgenic plants but also confirmed the successful integration of marker gene into tobacco chloroplasts. Putative transplastomic shoots were then subjected to additional rounds of selection and regeneration for developing homoplasmic clones. The genetic analysis of putative transplastomic plants through polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of VP2 as well as aada and gfp genes in the plastome. Integration of cassettes into inverted repeat region was confirmed using forward primer specific to aada gene and reverse primer specific to plastome. Further, development of an efficient regeneration system for soybean via somatic embryogenesis was attempted using 2 and 7 days old mature cotyledons from in-vitro germinated seedlings of a local ‘Faisal’ and an exotic ‘Jack’ cultivar with the intention to develop edible VP2 subunit vaccine as soybean is a chief constituent of poultry feed. It was observed that 7 days old mature cotyledonary explants of cultivar Jack were more responsive towards somatic embryogenesis than 2 days old ones and those of cultivar Faisal after callus induction on D20 medium directly. However, no regeneration was observed in either case indicating the need for further experimental investigation
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