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مولاناابوالوفاء افغانی

مولانا ابو الوفاء افغانی
معارف کے قارئین مولانا ابوالوفاء افغانی کے نام سے اور کام سے بخوبی واقف ہیں ان کی پیدائش افغانستان میں ہوئی، لیکن تعلیمی مراحل ہندوستان میں طے ہوئے اور یہاں کے باکمال اساتذہ سے استفادہ کیا، زندگی کا بڑا حصہ حیدرآباد میں گزرا، عرصہ تک مدرسہ نظامیہ میں مدرس رہے، فقہ حنفی سے خاص مناسبت تھی اور امام ابوحنیفہ ان کے تلامذہ اور ائمہ احناف سے بے حد عقیدت تھی، لجنۃ احیاء المعارف العثمانیہ ان کی اس عقیدت کی گواہ ہے، انھوں نے قاضی ابو یوسف امام محمد اور شمس لائمہ سرخسی کی کتابیں ڈھونڈ کر جمع کیں، بڑی دیدہ ریزی کے ساتھ مختلف نسخوں کا مقابلہ کیا، جان کا ہی کے ساتھ ان کی تصحیح کی، حواشی لکھے، انڈکس بنائے اور حسن و خوبی کے ساتھ طباعت کا انتظام کیا، وہ پرانے مدرسوں کے پڑھے ہوئے تھے، لیکن نئے محققین بھی ان کا لوہا مانتے تھے، افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ماہ علم و تحقیق کی یہ شمع خاموش ہوگئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنی رحمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے اور ان کے بیش بہاکاموں کے جاری رکھنے کا انتظام فرمائے۔
(عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۷۵ء)

 

Application of Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus based on Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) uses guidelines, counseling, and behavioral intervention methods to increase knowledge about diabetes and improve individual and family skills in managing diabetes mellitus (DM). This research is a quantitative study using a pre-experimental design that provides treatment or intervention to the research subjects then the effect of the treatment is measured and analyzed. This design is used to compare the results of the intervention of the application of Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) on controlling blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The analysis used the dependent t-test / paired t-test. The results showed that there were significant differences in blood glucose levels in the measurement after giving DSME to the respondents, indicating that the measurement of blood glucose levels after treatment was smaller than the measurement before treatment. It is necessary to develop a program to increase the competence of nurses in nursing care for diabetic clients and education related to diabetic self-care to increase the knowledge and skills of nurses in managing diabetes.

Assessment of Teachers Code of Conduct and its Implementation at Secondary School Level

Keeping in view teachers important role in providing education and having everlasting influence upon the students it was decided to conduct a study to support the teachers by exploring their practices according to the teachers’ code of conduct. The title of this study was assessment of teachers'' code of conduct and its implementation at secondary school level. The important objective of the study was to explore the gaps between teachers’ perceptions and their practices. The study was descriptive in nature and data was gathered through a survey. The population of the study was comprised of all head teachers of secondary schools, teachers and students of secondary classes from all male and female secondary schools working in public sector in province of the Punjab. Multistage and simple random sample techniques were used for selection of the sample. Five hundred forty teachers, two hundred seventy head teachers and two thousand seven hundred students were participants of the study. The research tools (four type questionnaires and observation sheet) were self-designed and were based upon the content of code of conduct that was comprised by the government of the Punjab province Pakistan. Through experts opinions and by conducting a pilot study validity and reliability of the tools were determined and tools were finalized. Collected quantitative data was analysed by using SPSS-20 version. Open ended data was analysed by using Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was done by using mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, and one way ANOVA. The results showed that slightly more than half of the respondents have positive attitude toward teachers’ perceptions. The study exposed teachers practices’ were not according to the teachers’ code of conduct. The results of the study uncovered gaps between teachers’ perceptions and teachers’ practices. The results of open ended items showed that for enhancing teachers’ performance financial, social and legal improvement is required. Finding showed that the government and other concerning authorities should focus upon teacher education to improve teachers’ working. Respondents viewed that proper training and continuously backing of the teachers can increase level of teachers’ practices that may remove the gaps between their perceptions and practices. Thus concerning authorities should design new courses, arrange seminars and training sessions to educate the working teachers. The study recommended further research in the field of teacher education so that teachers’ practices become according to the prescribed code of conduct.
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