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ہجر فراق سوہنے یار دے وچ: ۴

سی حرفی ۔۴
(دوہرے بیت وچ، رسال پور۱۹۹۵)
الف
آس نہیں ٹُٹدی، تے جند نہیں چھٹدی، وچ دلیلاں پئیاں تے مر گئیاں
تیز نگاہواں، خونی مژگاں، بہہ جگر وچ گئیاں، روندی پئیاں
ہجر فراق برہوں دی سولی، سرتاں مول نہ رہیاں، ہوشاں گئیاں
آکھ حنیف نہ چین دلے نوں، عشقے نے لٹ لیاں عقلاں گئیاں

ب
بس کر ماہی تے پا نہ پھاہی، اساں ونجناں کیچ ضرور اے، دل مجبور اے
وطناں توں اساں چا چت چائے، انج پایا عشق فتور اے، ماہی مغرور اے
ملساں جھوک سجن دی جا کے، بھانویں پینڈا دور اے، وانگ تندور اے
مر مر یار حنیف نوں پایا، کیتا پیش حضور اے، چکنا چور اے
ت
ترس نہ آیا مینڈا حال ونجایا، دل ہویا وانگ کباب اے، باہجھ حساب اے
کر کر آہیں بلدیاں بھاہیں، ہوئی روح ڈاہڈی بے تاب اے، حال خراب اے
صورت دلبر دی لاثانی، چہرہ نقش کتاب اے، لا جواب اے
حسن حنیف ہے فانی ہر شے،وہم خیال تے خواب اے، مثل حباب اے

ث
ثابت قدم تے صدق چنگیرا، پاسیں دس منزل دی، نیت پھل دی
ہمت مرداں دی کم کر دی، فتح سنیہے گھل دی، آس مچلدی
کر کر یاد سجن نوں ہر دم، رکھاں تاہنگ وصل دی، کاتی چل دی
مار حنیف مکایا نیناں، دھاری تیز کاجل دی، جان نہ جھلدی
ج
جدوں دا ماہی گیا، میکوں گیاں بھل تکراراں، منیاں ہاراں
وچھڑی کونج وانگوں کرلاواں، تے روندی زار و زاراں، چیکاں ماراں
رُت خزاں دی، غم دا موسم، گزریاں موج بہاراں، لالہ زاراں
بھُج مکئی حنیف ہسیندی، اکھیں برسن باراں، پین پھوہاراں

ح
حوالے رب دے کر کے، ٹھیل دتے نے بیڑے، چپو گیڑے
آس اللہ دی مہر محمدؐ، آئے منزل نیڑے، مکے جھیڑے
جھوک سجن دی نیڑے آئی، کدھی لگے بیڑے، رب نبیڑے

Macroeconomic Determinants of Banks’ performance in Pakistan

Almost all business operations that are now taking place in the economy may be impacted by recent changes in the macroeconomic indicators of the nation. Thus, the study' s objective was to assess the effect of particular macroeconomic factors on Pakistan' s banking performance. For a period of 13 years, the study tracked data from all active commercial banks in Pakistan (2006-2018). Results were obtained using multiple linear regression and correlation analyses on EViews. According to correlation findings, there was no connection between the exchange rate and NIM or ROE. All other factors.

Response of Cotton to Tillage, Irrigation and Sowing Methods

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the White Gold, occupies a pivotal position in Pakistan’s economy as it is the major source of raw material for textile industry in the country. Currently, cotton crop is facing a number of restraints, resulting in low yield per ha. Some of the constraints include costly agricultural inputs (seed, fertilizers, pesticides etc), pest attack, lack of pest and disease resistant varieties, good quality seed, scarcity of irrigation water, improper cultivation method and unavailability of advanced technologies. The research was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to explore the response of cotton to tillage, irrigation and sowing methods. The aim of the experiment was to assess most suitable and economical tillage system and planting method for cotton crop, to attain efficient irrigation water utilization and saving without affecting crop yield or quality and to quantify the irrigation water for cotton crop required for different planting methods. Keeping in view, two different experiments were conducted for two consecutive years. First experiment comprised of two tillage systems i.e., conventional tillage (one time disc harrow + two cultivations + planking) and deep tillage (chiselling twice + one cultivation + planking) and three sowing methods viz; flat sowing, ridge sowing, and bed sowing. The second experiment comprised of two irrigation levels (50% field capacity and 75% field capacity) along with three different sowing methods (flat sowing, ridge sowing, and bed sowing). Replicated three times, both experiments were laid out in split plot design randomizing tillage systems in main plots and sowing methods in sub-plots in experiment I while in experiment II irrigation levels were randomized in main plots and sowing methods in sub-plots maintaining a net plot size of 6.0 m × 9.0 m. Bt cotton variety AA-703 was sown at 75 cm spaced rows using 20 kg seed rate ha-1. Data pertaining to growth and yield parameters were recorded and analysed statistically. In first experiment, higher root length was recorded at deep tillage than conventional tillage during both the years of the study. Deep tillage gave maximum leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) showing increase in seed cotton yield of 18.72% in 2010 and 11.14% in 2011. Bed sowing produced 8.8% higher yield than ridge sowing in 2010 and 4.12% higher during 2011 and 25.61 and 16.47% higher than flat sowing respectively. Deep tillage with bed sowing gave maximum net returns of Rs. 121556/- with benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 1.81 in year 2010, while in 2011 it was Rs. 68627/- with BCR 1.45. In second experiment, application of irrigation at 75% field capacity (FC) significantly increased LAI, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and TDM over 50% FC in 2010 and similar trend was also observed in 2011. Water applied at 75% FC enhanced 38 % yield during 2010 and 30.49% in 2011 than 50% FC. Bed sowing produced 12.1% and 18.09% (in 2010) and 6.08 and 19% (in 2011) higher yield than ridge sowing and flat sowing, respectively. Irrigation level of 75% FC with bed sowing gave maximum net return of Rs. 82574/- with BCR of 1.54 in 2010, while Rs. 43336/- with BCR 1.28 in 2011.
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