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انج تاں توں ڈکینڈا نئیں ہائیں۔

انج تاں توں ڈکیندا نہیں ہائیں، ڈکیا ہنجواں ہاہواں نال
انج تاں توں ٹھلیہندا نہیں ہائیں، ٹھلیا ٹھنڈیاں ساہواں نال
بدل ماحول گیا اے سارا نویاں قدراں بدلن نال
گولاں اج وناں تے نہیں نے، نہیں نے بور اکاہواں نال
سر دا بھار اوڑک نوں اپنے پیراں اتے اونا ایں
اپنے بھار نے چونے پوندے ٹٹیاں ہویاں باہواں نال
ہک دوجے نال مل کے سارے لوک ترقی کر دے نیں
بندے نکل جاندے نیں اگے، اپنیاں اپنیاں ٹھاہواں نال
پٹھے وڈھ کے چھیڑ مجھیں دا اج رجونا پوندا اے
ڈھور کدے وی رج دے نہیں نیں، بنیوں پٹے گھاہواں نال
نازک جان ملوک تیری اے، اوکھا پیار دا پینڈا ای
ساڈی ریس ناں کر توں جھلیا، اسیں ہاں حال تباہواں نال
بھانویں اوگنہار ہاں میں، پاک نبیؐ دی امت ہاں
مینوں ساڑ دوزخ نہیں سکدا اگاں اتے بھاہواں نال

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE SCRAMBLE PADA MATERI JENIS PEKERJAAN DAN KEGIATAN EKONOMI DI KELAS IV SD KATOLIK TEBUK

Penelitian  ini dilatar belakangi oleh hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Katolik Tebuk  yang kurang memuaskan dimana hanya 18 orang mencapai nilai KKM 75. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam pembelajaran guru  hanya memberikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, demonstasi dan penguasaan saja sehingga tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengamati, mencari, serta menemukan konsep yang dipelajari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang meliputi aktivitas guru dan siswa yang diamati oleh guru pamong, (2) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model Scramble di kelas IV SD Katolik Tebuk. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan metode deskriptif  kualitatif  yang  dilakukan dalam dua siklus pelaksanaan tindakan. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen tes tertulis dan pedoman observasi. Data-data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Scramble dapat meningkatkan aktivitas guru dan siswa serta hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh pada tiap siklusnya. Pada siklus I, presentase ketuntasan aktivitas guru mencapai 80, 76%, presentase ketuntasan aktivitas siswa 67, 85% dan presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa mencapai 88, 18%. Data pada siklus II, presentase ketuntasan aktivitas guru mencapai 95, 19%, presentase ketuntasan aktivitas siswa mencapai 87, 5%, dan presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar Siswa mencapai 92, 72%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model kooperatif tipe scramble yang dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran IPS meteri jenis-jenis pekerjaan dan kegiatan ekonomi dapat meningkatkan aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa dan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Katolik Tebuk.

Temporal Changes in Manuring Characteristics of Poultry Litter under Different Storage Conditions and its Use for Crop Production

This study was carried out by considering the importance of proper storage and composting of poultry litter (PL) for its nutrient conservation and stability. In the first experiment, five storage methods were compared for their effects on nutrient dynamics and microbial diversity in PL under composting and un- composting conditions. Storage methods included: shed, covered (plastic sheet), open-air, pit, and lined floor. The pile / pit size was 2 m × 2 m × 1 m (L × W × H or D), and the quantity of poultry litter in each one was 500 kg. Composite PL samples were collected after an interval of 15 days until 90 days for the determination of organic C, macro- (N, P and K) and micro-nutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) contents and microbial population counts. Data recorded during storage and/or composting were statistically analyzed through three-way ANOVA including time, storage methods and composting conditions as variables. There was significant successive reduction of organic C contents / C:N ratio and improvement in macro- and micro-nutrient concentration in the processed PL with increased storage time both under composting and un-composting conditions. Composting proved statistically superior to un-composting for all the parameters tested. Among the storage methods, PL composted under plastic cover resulted in the highest nutrient contents and the lowest C:N ratio; while shed storage without composting gave the poorest results. Composting under covered storage method gave significantly higher Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contents (487, 277, 778 and 331 μg g- 1 , respectively) compared to that with other methods. Microbial populations in the PL under various treatments also varied significantly during the study period. The highest count of bacteria (8.36×108) was under composting at 60 days, while PL filled in pits showed the highest number (8.42×108). Actinomycetes population was highest (8.02×106) at 75 days of composting, and pit storage method gave the maximum count (8.85×106). The highest population of fungi (7.06×104) was found at 45 days of composting and in pit storage method (7.83×104). In the second experiment, composted and un-composted poultry litter obtained from Experiment-I were evaluated for their effects on soil fertility and wheat production in the field by employing split plot design with three replications. Composted PL resulted in significantly higher contents of soil organic matter and NPK at crop harvesting stage; further, these components were higher with the PL stored under covered or pit storage method. Wheat grain yield was also greater under composted PL treatments, while PL from pit and lined-floor storage gave statistically higher yield than from other methods. Open-air stockpiling performed the lowest in statistical terms. It is concluded that composting of poultry litter under plastic sheet cover provides the best storage conditions to conserve nutrient elements. Further, composting conditions favor the microbial activities to degrade the organic wastes faster, and their population is further enhanced under moisture-rich condition in the pits. Storage of poultry litter without providing the composting conditions in any of the storage methods delays its decomposition and stabilization. Similarly, the composted poultry litter has better fertilizer value than the un-composted one, as its application improves the soil characteristics and crop yields considerably.
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