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تضمین بر نعت بقلم نصیر الدین نصیرؔ گیلانی


تضمین بر مشہورِ زمانہ نعت بہ قلمِ نصیر احمد اخترؔ
دمِ عیسیٰؑ نہیں دیکھا ! یدِ بیضا نہیں دیکھا !
جہاں میں چشمِ جبرائیلؑ نے کیا کیا نہیں دیکھا

جمالِ ماہِ کنعاؑں کا حسیں جلوہ نہیں دیکھا! !
جہاں دیدہ نگا ہوں نے بہت ڈھونڈا نہیں دیکھا
زمانے میں محمد مصطفیٰؐ جیسا نہیں دیکھا
ستاروں کی ضیاؤں سے زمینِ ثور کہتی ہے
قمر کی دلکشی پر خوب کر کے غور ، کہتی ہے

فلک پرکہکشاں پھر پھیل کر ہر طور کہتی ہے
نگاہِ آسماںؐ لیتی ہے بوسے اور کہتی ہے
بہت دیکھے ہیں لیکن اُنؐ سا نقشِ پا نہیں دیکھاا
فلک کی عظمتیں قربان اس کے ذرّے ذرّے پر
قطار اندر قطار آتے ہیں قدسی آستانے پر

فدا ہے رفعتِ سدرہ اسی پرنور خطّے پر
فرشتے سر نگوں پائے گئے آقاؐ کے روضے پر
رسولوں میں بھی کوئی اُنؐ کا ہم پایہ نہیں دیکھا
کوئی عنصر نہیں دوئی کا اس منظر سہانے میں
کرن سورج کی ہے ناکام اس کی مثل لانے میں

زمیں پر چلنے پھرنے میں’ دنیٰ ‘‘تک آنے جانے میں
مُسلم آپؐ کی یکتائی ہے سارے زمانے میں
کہیں چشمِ فلک نے آپؐ کا سایہ نہیں دیکھا

عقائد باطلہ كا رد ، شیخ احمد سرہندی کا کردار اورعصری استفادہ

Shaikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alf Sani (R.A) was not only a well-known Muslim mystic but also a great reformer. He brought reformative changes in political system of subcontinent and introduced social set up of Islamic society,  spiritual patterns of Islamic mystics and religious scholars of Islamic sciences. His services regarding the revival of Islam and purification of Islamic beliefs are versatile and multidimensional. Mughal emperor Akbar tried to reconcile the differences of both religions, and introduced a new faith called the Din-i-Ilahi, which incorporated both Islam and Hinduism which stressed the Muslim community a lot. This article is a study of the role of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhandi in purification believes. Main tiopics of this study are oneness of Ram and Raheem, wahdat-ul-wajood and wahdat-ul-Shahood, finality, eternality, sustainability and universality of Prophethood, Meraj-ul-Nabi, Aqeeda Tanasukh and Aqeeda Halool with reference to the life hereinafter. Article also mentions the methodology of this pious personality in purification of believers and its utility in contemporary period. This ends with findings of the research paper and no doubt it provides important guidance for researchers of Islam to face the challenges for the betterment of Muslim Ummah.

Human Health Risks Associated With Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil and Food Plants Irrigated With Wastewater

Long-term wastewater irrigation is not only a way of contaminations of soil with heavy metals (HMs) but also accumulates HMs in food crops. Samples of both soil and vegetables were collected from wastewater irrigated sites of Peshawar, Pakistan in winter and summer seasons for analysis of HMs concentrations in them and to investigate the health risk of associated with HMs contaminated vegetable. The mean concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of selected HMs like Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co and Hg in soil irrigated with wastewater in winter, summer seasons and preference soil were 56.9, 37.01 and 13, 61.28, 62.1 and 10.4, 7.68, 8.9 and 1.2, 100.78, 106.64 and 23, 159.55, 193.4 and 12, 341.33, 387.7 and 14, 40.54, 41.1 and 24, 61.64, 88.2 and 15 and 459.455, 93.1 and 23 mg/kg, respectively Similarly the mean concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of studied HMs like Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn and Fe in the vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated soil in winter, summer season and preference soil were 26.8, 24.69 and 13 63.7, 44.7 and 11.45, 8.3, 13.98 and 3, 38.31, 34.and 32.4, 64.1.128.1, and 33, 25, 21.77 and 11, 20.7, 57.45 and 31.68, 421.76, 497.55 and 100.01, 41.1, 32.26 and 17 and 576.85, 632.3 and 300 respectively. The concentrations of studied HMs were significantly higher in both soil and vegetables samples collected in summer season than their concentrations in winter’s samples. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr exceeded their respective permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. Transfer factor (TF) values of selected HMs from soil to vegetables and the target hazard quotients (THQs) to the possible health risks to local population through the food chain were also calculated. The mean values of root transfer factor (RCFs) ranged from 0.3-1.4, 0.2-1.4, 0.4-3.7, 0.4-1.1, 0.3-0.6, 0.004-0.18, 1-1.8, 0.12-1.5 and 0.4-1.08 for Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr and Hg, respectively in vegetables of study area.. Similarly, values of shoot transfer (SCFs) for Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr and Hg ranged from 0.2-1.4, 0.2-4, 0.3-4.7, 0.2-0.8, 0.47-2.46, 0.02-0.45, 0-1.2, 0.34-2.2 and 0.5- 2.01, respectively in the samples of vegetables. Values of fruit transfer (FCFs) were 0.3- 1.1, 0.2-2.4, 0.8-5.7, 0.2-0.6, 0.31-0.69, 0.002-0.14, 0.4-1.6, 0.3-1.4 and 0.6-0.8 for Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr and Hg, respectively. The dietary intake of metals (DIM) values of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cu by children were ranged from 0.001-0.019, 0.001-0.005, 0.01-0.02, 0.013-0.038, 0.01-0.02, 0.003-0.018, 0.001-0.011, respectively. Similarly the values of DIM for Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cu by adults via consumption of vegetables were 0.01-0.023, 0.002-0.006, 0.001-0.03, 0.014-0.042, 0- 0.13, 0.002-0.032 and 0.001-0.013, respectively. The DIM values of Pb and Cd were significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to respective reference dose (RfD). However, the DIM values of Zn, Cu and Mn were significantly (p<0.05) lower than their respective RfD. The THQ of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cu ranged from 0.668-5.055, 1.362-5.609, 0.36-1.23, 0.044-0.126, 0.08-3.46, 0.002-0.019 and 0.025-0.281, respectively for children. Similarly, the THQ ranged from 0.744-5.586, 1.517-6.248, 0.049-0.119, 0.12- 3.86, 0.002-0.021 and 0.028-0.313 due to Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cu, respectively for adults. Greenhouse pot experiments using spinach (Spinacia oleracea) coriander (Coriandrum saivum), purslane (Portulaca oleracea) as representative vegetables were conducted to assess the up take pattern of three different doses of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cd/Pb, Cd/Zn and Pb/Zn The highest dose of Cd, Pb and Zn in single form and in mixture (Cd/Pb, Cd/Zn and Pb/Zn) significantly reduced the growth S. oleracea, C. saivum and P. oleracea seedlings. Similarly, in case of full grown plants of S. oleracea and C. saivum the highest doses of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cd/Pb, Cd/Zn and Pb/Zn reduced the growth In case of all S. oleracea, C. saivum and P. oleracea seedlings the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were positively correlated with their concentrations in soil. The mixture of HMs such as Cd/Pb, Cd/Zn and Pb/Zn the metals behaved antagonistically, which were reflected in the growth parameters of selected plants. In case of full grown plants of S. oleracea and C. saivum the Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in soil and roots of plants were positively correlated. Similarly, the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the root and shoot of full grown plants of S. oleracea and C. saivum were positively correlated. Total protein content, fiber and moisture contents of S. oleracea, C. saivum significantly reduced with increasing concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn alone and also their mixture (Cd/Pb, Cd/Zn and Pb/Zn) in plant tissue. The impacts of mixture of Cd, Pb and Zn on total protein, fiber and moisture content were more sever than the impacts of individual Cd, Pb and Zn but less than the sum of impacts of individual HMs. Similarly, the increasing concentrations of selected HMs reduced the up take of Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Cu by S. oleracea and C. saivum. It was concluded from this study that soils of Peshawar are rich with HMs because of wastewater irrigation. The plants grown in these soils contaminated with HMs. The HMs adversely impacted the growth parameters of plants, change the up take of important metals by plants and reduced moisture contents, total protein and fiber. The consumption of vegetables in the wastewater irrigated areas in a Peshawar causes health risks to the residents.
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