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بھانویں خواب اندر اوہ آگئے

بھانویں خواب اندر اوہ آگئے
ہک وار تاں من پرچا گئے
پا سرمہ نین نشیلیاں وچ
نیناں دے تیر چلا گئے
توں لبھناں ایں پھل بہاراں دے
ساڈے اگلے وی کُرما گئے
اساں رو رو حال سناندے رہے
اوہ چپ دے جندرے لا گئے
ساڈے کولوں آ کے ٹر گئے
تارے چٹے دینہہ وکھا گئے
سُن ناں کرونا وائرس دا
لوکی حجریاں وچ سما گئے

PASTEL Analysis of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises After Covid-19 in India

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are major sector in Indian economy in relation with GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Export and Employment generation for the country. According to Ministry of Statistic and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), the share of MSME for Gross Value Added (GVA) in total GVA during the year 2016-17 was 31.8% which is considered as significant contribution to economy. As per Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS) the portion of MSME related products in total export from India during 2018-19 was 48.10% with this it is indicated most important sector for economy but after declaration of lockdown due to Covid-19 that lead to major impact on MSME sector. In this study researcher try to identify the PESTEL Environment after Covid-19 and ATMA-NIRBHAR BHARAT Abhiyan initiated by Indian Government on 12th May 2020. The major finding of the study indicated major decision are taken by government of India and Atma-Nirbhar Bharta Abhiyan give boost to MSMEs in future and widely increases number of MSMEs. In India movement also started Vocal for Local that lead to strengthen MSMEs in future.

Newspapers Coverage of Ethnic Issues in Karachi

Sindh’s best city in Karachi amid absence of any declared integration policy on part of the ruling elite has been faced with ethnic disharmony which often erupts into colossal ethnic violence taking scores of precious human lives. Though communal problem in the land of Sufis traces its link to the creation of the country in the late 1940s, it was actually the mid 1980s which saw ethnic fissures in the Sindh metropolis get widened with the battle lines being drawn between Pakhtun migrants and Urdu-speaking Mohajirs who started jumping down each other’s throat after a mini-bus ran over a refugee college girl student Bushra Zaidi on April 15, 1985. The provincial capital suffered colossal destructions in terms of loss of precious human lives and properties mainly caused by ethnic violence which started after the unfortunate Bushra Zaidi’s killing. The tragic death of the refugee girl not only changed the face of Sindh metropolis but also affected institutions and individuals including the press and journalists. The research has not only shed extensive light on the causes of ethnic violence in Sindh capital but also dealt with the press coverage of ethnic affairs by conducting textual analysis of national newspapers published in Karachi to decipher whether or not newspapers’ coverage of ethnic affairs has improved. Content analysis of national newspapers—Dawn, Jang, Jasarat and Naw-e-Waqat—of two time periods—1985, 1986, 1987 and 2007, 2008, 2009—has been carried out to see how ethnic affairs were covered by the national press in the mid and late 1980s, and in the late 2000s and whether newspapers’ coverage of ethnic affairs has improved. The result of the content analysis shows that English newspapers coverage of communal issues have improved considering Dawn low percentage points of state nationalism-driven news items among other factors like publishing of more exclusive news regarding ethnic affairs. There is still no finality in this regard amid the changed dynamics prevailed in the city in late 2000s as against the mid and late 1980s when ethnicity was the pressing issue. As for improvement or decline in the coverage of Urdu dailies, though state nationalism driven news items have posted a drop in the second time period, it’s not due to the fact that Urdu journalism has now started believing in fighting for the rights of ethnic minorities but the simple fact is that the city situation changed in the late 2000s with the Urdu dailies likely yet again to opt for news items containing nationalist rhetoric whenever there would be any ethnic conflict between ethnic groups.
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