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42. Ash-Shura/The Consultation

42. Ash-Shura/The Consultation

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

42:01
a. Ha. Mim.

42:02
a. `Ayn. Sin. Qaf.

42:03
a. Likewise Allah, The Almighty, The All-Wise reveals on to you – O The Prophet - as HE did
to those Prophets before you.

42:04
a. Whatever is within the celestial realm and whatever is within the terrestrial world belongs to HIM,
b. for HE is All-Exalted, All-Supreme.

42:05
a. The celestial realm above them will almost burst apart, in awe of HIM, exalted be HE,
b. while the angels glorify the Praise of their Rabb- The Lord, and
c. seek forgiveness of whoever is on the earth.
d. Indeed, Allah is The Oft-Forgiving to the one who repents, The Infinitely Compassionate
towards the one who lives repentantly.

42:06
a. And as for those who take protectors other than HIM,
b. Allah is Ever-Watchful over them, and
c. you - O The Prophet - are not a guardian over them.

42:07
a. And so WE have revealed onto you a Qur’an in Arabic -
b. so you may warn people of the Mother of all Cities – Makkah – and communities and lands
around it.
c. And warn them of the coming of the Time of Assembly, about which there is absolutely no doubt,
d. when a group of them will be in the Paradise, and a group in the Blazing Fire.

42:08
a. And if Allah had so wanted, HE could have easily made them all into one single community
of believers,
b. but HE...

Critical Approach to Perceptions of Bernard Lewis Regarding Islamic Political & Social Practices

Bernard Lewis is a representative scholar of eastern studies and western thoughts, and he is the most influential political figure in the U.S politics. So his thoughts play an important and vital role in academic and political fields of the West. Most of his writings explore his prejudiced attitude toward Islam and Muslims. He wrote many books about the teachings of Islam. Islam being a universal religion is an interesting topic for western intelligentsia like Lewis. There are many institutes of Islamic studies in their universities and many think tanks are working on various aspects of Islamic teaching for multiple purposes. In some educational institutions of the west revisionist orientalists such as Andrew Rippin are teaching Islamic thoughts from a critical and revisionist perspective which is quite contrary to the traditional Islamic teachings. Bernard Lewis is attached with The RAND cooperation (the most influential think tank of U.S.A) and most of his writings are evident of his prejudiced theories about political and social practices of Muslims.

Ethnic Nationalism & Political Development a Case Study of Pakistan 1973-2000

This dissertation examines the reciprocal relationship between ethnic nationalism and political development in Pakistan. The nineteenth century was marked by the rise of the concept of nationalism and as a result many new states emerged on the World map by the end of the Second World War The end of the twentieth century witnessed the resurgence of ethnicity in the world. Ethnicity is a phenomenon and when it provides bases for nationalism, it is called ethnic nationalism. The origin of ethnicity is primordial but its political manifestation is constructed. Ethnic nationalism is commonly associated with political development. Though there are many aspects of political development but from 1970s onward, democracy has taken a front seat and countries are being studied and analyzed in terms of democratic development. The last decade of twentieth century established the supremacy of democracy and fall of communist empire proved that democracy is the most desirable form of government in the world. But many countries particularly developing states are suffering from the dilemma of political and democratic instability and many scholars are of the view that ethnic conflict is a major cause of this democratic crisis. But this fact can not be ignored that relationship between ethnic nationalism and political development is reciprocal and ethnicity can not be viewed as a negatively. No country in the World can claim to be homogeneous but despite of that, many developed countries are successfully able to sustain a democratic system. So it becomes pertinent to analyze the issue of political under development in ethnically diverse countries. Pakistan is a country plural in character. Even before partition, the Muslim majority areas of Sub-Continent were not ethnically homogenous and there were ethnic loyalties triggering ethnic based movements in those areas during the independence struggle. The decentralized future frame work presented by Muslim League was more appealing to these provinces and regions as compare to All India National Congress and finally Pakistan came in to existence. Even after partition, the dilemma of ethnic conflict could not be resolved. Pakistan experienced different constitutions and many times its political process had been derailed. After losing its eastern part, the country is still confronting with the issue of identity crisis. Democracy could not establish its roots and Pakistan stands at the crossroad in search of a stable state. Centralized politics is making the issue more problematic. Provincial concerns are intensifying and complex relationship of democracy and ethnic nationalism remains unresolved. This is an attempt to find out the root cause of the problem in search of real democratic political system.
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