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مولانا مودودی ؒ کی تفسیر نگاری پر  پر ایک نظر

مولانا مودودی ؒ کی تفسیرنگاری پر  پر ایک نظر

ڈاکٹر عبدالمنان چیمہ

قرآن مجید ساری انسانیت کے لیے دستور ِ حیات کی حیثیت رکھتا ہے۔ قرآنی  آیات گہرے معانی اور حکمت کو سمیٹے ہوئے ہیں۔  تفسیرالقرآن کا مقصد وحی الٰہی کے مطلوبہ پیغام کو دنیا کے سامنے سہل انداز میں  اجاگر کرنا ہےتاکہ  اسے دنیا بھر  عوام الناس کے لیے زیادہ  سے زیادہ قابل  قابل فہم بنایا جائے۔  اردو تفاسیر میں سےایک تفسیر  "تفہیم القرآن" ہے، جسے 20ویں صدی کے معروف اسلامی اسکالر اور  عظیم مفکر  مولانا ابوالاعلیٰ مودودی نے تصنیف کیا ہے۔ اس مضمون میں مولانا مودودی اور ان کی تفسیر" تفہیم القرآن " پر نظر ڈالی گئی ہے۔

مولانا ابوالاعلیٰ مودودی (1903-1979) برصغیر پاک و ہند کے ایک ممتاز اسلامی اسکالر ، عظیم  فلسفی اور نامور مصنف  تھے۔ وہ اورنگ آباد-حیدر آباد دکن(بھارت) میں 1903ء میں پیدا ہوئے۔ بعد ازاں پاکستان کی طرف  ہجرت کی، جہاں  ملک کے سیاسی اور مذہبی منظر نامے میں اہم کردار ادا کیا۔ مولانا نے   ایک بڑی  مسلم تحریک "جماعت اسلامی "کی بنیاد رکھی۔ ان کی دینی خدمات کے پیش نظر ان کو 1979ء میں شاہ فیصل ایوارڈ سے نوازا گیا ۔مولانانے 1979ء میں وفات پائی۔ ان کا نماز جنازہ قذافی سٹیڈیم لاہور میں مصر کے معروف فلاسفر ڈاکٹر  یوسف القرضاوی نے پڑھایا۔اسلامی ادب میں ان کی بہت سی خدمات ہیں۔" تفہیم القرآن" مولانا  کے اہم ترین کارناموں میں سے ایک ہے۔یہ تفسیر 6 جلدوں میں مطبوع ہے۔مولانا ہر سورۃ کے آغاز میں اس کے تمام مباحث کو نکات کی شکل میں بیان کرتے ہیں۔

تفہیم القرآن قرآنی تعلیمات کے عصری اطلاق پر زور دینے میں منفرد  حیثیت رکھتی ہے۔ مولانا مودودی نے مسلم امہ  کو درپیش عصری سماجی، سیاسی اور تہذیبی چیلنجوں سے نمٹنے کے لیے...

Analysis of Drivers’ Characteristics Concerning Speeding Behavior and Crash Involvement in Oman

This study aims to identify the significance of driver’s socioeconomic demographics (SEDs) in the decision to speed and crash involvement. A questionnaire was designed consisting of a driver’s SEDs, speeding propensity, and crash experience. This questionnaire was conducted with the students and employees of the University of Nizwa and other drivers at the selected locations. A total of 604 usable samples were obtained. Simple frequency distribution and discriminant multivariate analysis were conducted on the driver’s responses. Survey results revealed that about 47.7% of the drivers have experienced a crash. The driver’s gender nationality, profession, age, type of vehicle drive, driving experience, and past crash experience are significant attributes of the driver’s speeding behavior. Ordered probit analysis for speeding behavior and simple probit regression analysis for crash involvement was conducted. The male drivers and those who are under the age of 30 years and have driving experience of more than 3 years have more likelihood to exceed the speed limits than other drivers. Similarly, the driver’s gender, age (≤ 30 years), and those who are employees have a significant correlation with the propensity of crash involvement. Male and young drivers have more likelihood to be involved in a crash.

Evaluation of Insecticidal Resistance in Mosquitoes under Controlled Conditions.

On an overall basis, fifteen species were recorded from four selected districts during 2016-17. However, populated area proved to more infested followed by agricultural and industrial area. Rawalpindi depicted as more diversified district as compared to Lahore, Sialkot and Faisalabad.A huge number of insecticides are used for the control of agricultural pests and household pests, such as mosquitoes, with the application of over and under doses in Punjab, Pakistan. Moreover, after the dengue epidemic that occurred during 2010, insecticides were sprayed in huge amounts and at high doses in major cities of Punjab to control mosquitoes. This also resulted in insecticidal resistance in mosquitoes. Mosquitocidal assays of larvae (in beakers) and adults (impregnated papers) were evaluated after 24 h. The bioassay data showed Temephos, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Pirimiphos Methyl, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin and Bendiocarb lethal concentration (LC50) for 50 percent mortality of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. Stephensi susceptible population (SS) compared with field populations of Faisalabad (FSD), Sialkot (SKT), Rawalpindi (RWP) and Lahore (LHR). The larvicidal LC50 value of temephos ranged from 0.007 to 0.416 ppm. In the case of adulticides, three groups of insecticides were applied to papers and used against different populations collected from populated, agricultural and industrial areas of Lahore (LHR), Rawalpindi (RWP), Sialkot (SKT) and Faisalabad (FSD). Pyrethroids demonstrated the lowest effective concentration among the tested pesticides (organophosphates & carbamates). Among the pyrethroid group, deltamethrin was recorded as being the most toxic (0.483 – 9.245 ppm), followed by cypermethrin (1.839 – 33.139 ppm) and permethrin (5.145 – 101.533 ppm). ppm. The chi-squared value showed no heterogeneity across all the experiments. The results also indicated that the LHR population was highly resistant, followed by the RWP, SKT and FSD populations; moreover, the mosquito populations from agricultural areas were more resistant than those from populated and industrial areas. However, the resistance map also reflected that LHR showed extremely high to high level resistance which was indicated by red to blue color whereas RWP found high to moderate resistance indicated by blue to yellow followed by SKT and FSD. The biochemical analysis showed the elevated activity of enzymes (esterases, mixed-function oxidases, glutathione S-transferase and acetyl-cholinesterase) in resistant populations. It was concluded that the injudicious application of chemicals in an area caused the risk of resistance and the reappearance and resurgence of certain mosquitoes. Further, research is needed to identify health and environmental risks and to devise an effective programme through the use of selective and specific insecticides.
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