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اردو تفسیر نگاری کا پس منظر اورتفہیم القرآن کی خصوصیات

              بر صغیر پاک و ہند میں اردو میں ترجمہ و تفاسیر کا آغاز سولھویں صدی عیسوی میں ہوا لیکن یہ متفرق سورتوں اور پاروں سے آگے نہ بڑھ سکا۔ اردو زبان میں سب سے پہلا تشریحی ترجمہ حکیم محمد شریف خان بن محمد اکمل خان(م۱۲۲۲ھ) نے لکھا۔ یہ ترجمہ شائع نہیں ہوا اور ان کے خاندان میں محفوظ ہے۔ ہندوستان میں پہلی اردو تفسیر، چراغ ابدی ہے جو مولوی عزیز اللہ ہمرنگ  اورنگ آبادی نے ۱۲۲۱ھ میں لکھی۔ یہ صرف تیسویں پارے کی تفسیر ہے۔ اسی طرح شاہ مراد اللہ انصاری سنبھلی کی تصنیف خدائی نعمت بہ معروف تفسیر مرادی بہت مقبول ہوئی۔ یہ بھی تیسویں پارے کی تفسیر ہے اور تین سو صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ یہ۱۱۸۵ھ میں مکمل ہوئی۔

              ہندوستان کے معروف محدث شاہ ولی اللہ کے فرزند شاہ رفیع الدین (م۱۲۳۲ھ۱۸۱۷ء )نے ۱۲۰۰ھ میں قرآن مجید کا ترجمہ لکھا جو کہ مختصر اور جامع لفظی ترجمہ ہے۔ شاہ رفیع الدین کے چھوٹے بھائی شاہ عبدالقادر (۱۲۳۰ھ، ۱۸۱۵ء ) نے ۱۲۰۵ھ میں موضح قرآن کے نام سے اردو زبان میں قرآن کا ترجمہ اور حواشی لکھے۔ شاہ صاحب کا یہ ترجمہ اپنے دور کے لحاظ سے بہترین ترجمہ ہے۔ اس میں عربی الفاظ کے مناسب ترین اردو اور ہندی مترادفات کو استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔ شاہ عبدالقادر کی اس تصنیف کو اردو زبان کی پہلی مکمل تفسیر قرار دیا جا سکتا ہے۔ سر سید احمد خان (۱۸۱۷ء۔ ۱۸۹۸ء)کی تفسیر"تفسیر القرآن" بدلتے ہوئے حالات کے تناظر میں خصوصی اہمیت رکھتی ہے۔ اس کی پہلی جلد ۱۸۸۰ء میں شائع ہوئی۔ سرسید احمد خان کا دور مسلمانوں کے انحطاط اور انگریزی غلبے کی وجہ سے کش مکش کا دور تھا۔ جدید تہذیب کے زیر اثر عقلیت پسندی اور قدیم روایات  سے انحراف کی کئی مثالیں سامنے آ رہی تھیں۔ اس عہد کی تفاسیر...

العلامة شائسته جل و خدماته العلمية الدينية السياسية

This article highlights the religious, literary and political work of Moulana ShÉista Gul famous by the name of Mathe Mulla of Khyber Puktun Khawa (1303 A. H-1401A. H. 1886A. D-1981A. D MardÉn) He was well-known scholar of Qura’n, ×adith and Fiqah, his great contribution was to promote political awareness in the community with the concept ofTwo Nations Theory by his affiliation with Muslim League under the leadership of Quaid-eAÐam Muhammad Ali JinnaÍ. He was the convener of Jamiat ul AÎfia which was organized by the eminent religious leaders of that time to implement Sharia law in Pakistan. He was devoted to make Islam a living reality during his life time, his literary work is aimed to improve human communication and develop a better understanding among the people of this region. His monumental work was originally in Pashto widely spoken and understood in the North West of Pakistan. He was teaching and preaching Islam nearly in a span of seventy years. The main objective was to alleviate the deteriorating conditions of the Muslim society and to defend it from external threats. He emphasized to bring change and correct the wrong believes and detrimental actions. His theological doctrines influenced his followers and decedents who promoted his mission in the light of writings and ideas expressed by him.

Psychosocial Implications of Globalization in the Emergence of Multiple Englishness in the World

Psychosocial Implications of Globalization in the Emergence of Multiple Englishness in the World English language occupies the most dominant place in the comity of languages in the world. English language has attained the role of a link language in the world as it is understood and used extensively by the people belonging to different nations. The global domination and acceptance of this language has resulted in the emergence of multiple Englishes as people in different parts of the world are trying to utilize and bank upon this language for effective communication. Globalization has gone a long way in connecting societies together with the help of modern means of electronic and print media. English language variation and variety is the direct result of' the extensive use of English language in the curricula without the presence of native speakers as teachers. As a result it is difficult to follow and copy the accent and pronunciation. Moreover spelling and pronunciation vary from person to person and region to region. English as a language has come up on the international scenario as an indispensable force which occupies the mental and social domains of human life. It is resulting in the erosion of psychosocial identities of the societies and their rich traditional and political backgrounds. The domination and continued spread of English has further strengthened and consolidated the role of English in the under developed and developing societies which otherwise would have finished in the world after the World Wars in the first half of the twentieth century. Language is a living organism which grows and expands with the passage of time. The spread and growth of English language varieties have helped promote and facilitate the process of globalization as it created the concept of global village and global economic world order which is above colour, caste and creed as the process of globalization has alienated people and ideas from their cultures and societies. There is a tangible transformation of societies as people are not confined to their local identities rather they feel themselves part of world citizenship as they are directly affected by whatever is happening or even likely to happen in the world in any field of life.
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