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سر ہرمان دیبر

سر ہرمان دیبر

            سر ہرمان دیبر، جنھوں نے ۹۷ سال کی عمر میں وفات پائی ہے اور جن کے قواے جسمانی و دماغی آخر وقت تک پوری تندرستی کی حالت میں رہے، ان کی کتاب ’’طویل العمری‘‘ سے متعلق حال میں دوبارہ شایع ہوئی ہے، طویل العمری کے مختلف نسخے مختلف اشخاص نے تجویز کیے، لیکن سر ہرمان دیبر کے نزدیک اس کا راز صرف تین چیزوں میں شامل ہے، اولاً جسمانی محنت و ورزش، یعنی انسان کاہل نہ ہو، بلکہ تازہ ہوا میں کافی طور پر چلتا پھرتا رہے، دوسرے یہ کہ اپنی طبیعت کو قانع رکھے، قناعت کا لازمی نتیجہ یہ ہوگا کہ فکر و مایوسی اس کے پاس نہ آئے گی اور طبیعت بشاش رہے گی، تیسری اور سب سے اہم شرط یہ ہے کہ کھانے پینے میں بے اعتدالی نہ کرے، بلکہ ہمیشہ اعتدال ملحوظ رکھے، شرائط بالا کی پابندی کے ساتھ مصنف مرحوم کا دعویٰ ہے کہ ہر شخص انہی کی سی عمر و صحت حاصل کرسکتا ہے۔ (اپریل ۱۹۲۰ء)

 

حکم الانتفاع بالمرھون عند الفقهاء: دراسة مقارنة

Islam is a complete code of life and dominant upon all the faculties of life. Along with creed faith and worship, Islam has emphasized on the affairs of daily life. In the connotation of affairs all the components of sale and purchase mentioned in detail. Accordingly, there is a provision if someone sell a thing to another and the buyer is not eligible to pay the price then there should be written a statement in the presence of two witnesses to pay the price in fix time. If there is neither witness nor the arrangement of writing, so there should be mortgaged something from the buyer. When the buyer pay a loan then the seller should return the mortgaged thing. The originality of mortgage is for the protection of loan not for profit. In present era the purpose of mortgage has changed and is done it for getting profit. Although some imams and Ahl-e-Zawaher provide the capacity for getting profit, so the Jamhoor and Ahnaf don’t allow anyone to get it. To change the original shape of mortgage is illegitimate and is considered as usury. If there is no custom in a certain territory and the man who offer loan does not intend to get profit then with the permission of the person who has received loan __provides the facility to get profit, However to avoid this practice is far better in shariah. In the article understudy the originality of mortgage and dissension among different Imams to get profit from it has been discussed. In the end a crucial statement has been mentioned.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Bioactive Palladium Ii Complexes

In the present study, 62 heteroleptic Pd(II) complexes have been synthesized by reacting PdCl2 with sodium dithiocarbamate salt and different organophosphine in mixed solvent system of methanol and acetone. The different dithiocarbamate ligands used were sodium salt of dibenzylcarbamodithioate (L1), (4-chlorobenzyl)(4-methylbenzyl)carbamodithioate (L2), benzyl(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ylmethyl)carbamodithioate (L3), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-carbamodithioate (L4), 4-benzhydrylpiperazine-1-carbamodithioate (L5), dimethylcarbamodithioate (L6), diethylcarbamodithioate (L7), and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamodithioate (L8). The organophosphines used were triphenylphosphine, diphenyl-p-tolylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine, tris-p-chlorophenylphosphine, tris-p-fluorophenylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, tri-m-tolylphosphine, tris(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, chlorodiphenylphosphine, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane. These complexes were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques like elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C and 31P) NMR and single crystal XRD. DFT calculations were also carried out for some representative complexes (1-10). The neutral complexes (1-42) showed a pseudo square planar geometry around palladium metal with two cis sites occupied by a bidentate dithiocarbamate moiety forming four-membered chelate ring (PdS2C) and the remaining two are occupied by a chloride and a monodentate organophosphine. However, in the cationic complexes (43-58) the latter cis positions are occupied by the phosphorous atoms of the bidentate organophosphine. The chlorodiphenylphosphine was oxidized in the aforementioned solvent system and unexpected products were obtained with two phosphine oxide attached to the metal center through phosphorous in cis position (59-62). Some of the representative ligands and complexes were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity against human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) using MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide methods using doxorubicin as standard drugs. Generally, the heteroleptic Pd(II) complexes comprising bidentate organophosphine, {1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane}, fluoro and iv uncoordinated group (carbonyl and oxygen) were found to be most active as compared to the standard drug (doxorubicin). The selected Pd(II) complexes were also evaluated to check their cytotoxicity using brine shrimp assay. The highest activity was found for compounds containing oxygen and fluoro substituents.
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