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ڈاکٹر ظفرالہدیٰ

آہ! ڈاکٹر ظفر الہُدیٰ
ڈاکٹر ظفر الہدیٰ ایم، اے۔ پی، ایچ۔ ڈی، علامہ شبلیؒ کی بڑی پوتی کے شوہر تھے، ان کا آبائی وطن تو اعظم گڑھ ضلع ہی میں تھا، مگر ان کے گھر کے لوگ دربھنگہ (بہار) منتقل ہوگئے تھے، اس لئے پٹنہ یونیورسٹی میں اپنی انگریزی تعلیم کی تکمیل کی، وہاں سے فارسی اور اردو میں ایم، اے کرنے کے بعد ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی میں لکچرار ہوگئے، وہیں سے پنشن پاکر ڈھاکہ میں مقیم تھے کہ ۷؍ مارچ ۱۹۷۸؁ء کو اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، ان کی وفات علامہ شبلیؒ کے خاندان کا ایک المناک سانحہ ہے، وہ اپنے شاگردوں اور یونیورسٹی کے رفقائے کار میں اپنے اخلاق، اخلاص، محبت اور میٹھی زبان کی وجہ سے بہت مقبول تھے، اسی لئے جب بنگلہ دیش میں خونیں انقلاب آیا تو وہاں کی سفاکانہ اور بیرحمانہ خونریزی میں ہر طرح محفوظ رہے، ان کے اور رفقائے کار تو کراچی منتقل ہوگئے، لیکن انھوں نے ڈھاکہ ہی میں رہنا پسند کیا، بنگالیوں نے غیر بنگالیوں کے ساتھ جو بے رحمانہ سلوک کیا تھا، اس کی وجہ سے بنگلہ دیش کے لوگوں کے خلاف ہندوستان کے مسلمانوں میں بڑا سخت ردعمل تھا، اس کو ڈاکٹر ظفر الہدیٰ اپنے خطوط میں یہ لکھ کر دور کرنے کی کوشش کرتے رہے کہ آخیر یہ لوگ بھی مسلمان ہیں، وہاں کے مسلمانوں کے لئے اسلام کا صالح لٹریچر پیش کرنے کی خاطر شبلی اکیڈمی بھی قائم کی، دارالمصنفین کی مطبوعات کو بنگلہ زبان میں ترجمہ کرانے کی علمی مہم شروع کی، ان کا کام کچھ چل نکلا تھا کہ وہ وہاں پہنچ گئے، جہاں ایک روز سب کو جانا ہے۔
ان کو دارالمصنفین اور اس کے وسیلہ سے میری حقیر ذات سے بڑی محبت رہی ہے، جب کبھی ڈھاکہ گیا تو وہ مجھ سے سگے بھائی کی طرح ملے اور خاطر تواضع میں...

Mainstreaming LSENs in a Regular Classroom: A Scoping Review

This study aims to generate thorough and comprehensive review of the teacher’s perspective and hands-on experience in mainstreaming LSENs in a regular classroom, including teachers’ attitudes and perceptions, challenges encountered, and teaching approach in handling mainstreamed classrooms. A scoping review framework by Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) systematically analyzed the data of the different articles conducted by various scholars. Through scrupulous and through selection of related studies, 10 articles were included in the review from 6 different countries across the globe. The articles included were conducted from 6 countries and various databases. The study highlighted that: 1) teachers have positive and negative attitudes towards mainstreaming, 2) teachers experienced various challenges in handling a mainstream classroom, and 3) learner-centered approach to learning is used in the classroom. Mainstreaming LSENs in a regular classroom has pros and cons among teachers, regular students, and the LSENs themselves. Hence, a daunting responsibility for the teachers. Nevertheless, it is imperative to support teachers by giving seminars and training, especially to those non-special education majors, to be fully equipped to handle mainstreamed classrooms.

Nutritional Assessment of Some Neglected and Underutilized Vegetables Wildly Grown in Sindh

comparison of nutritional value of nontraditional with commercial vegetables in Sindh. The questionnaire survey methodology was used to collect the data on the utilization and consumption of nontraditional and commercial vegetables in Mirpurkhas of Sindh province, Pakistan in 2014. On the basis of survey spinach, horse radish tree flowers, lambs quarter and gram leaves were collected in January, 2014 whereas, amaranthus was collected in the months of July-August, 2014 from district Mirpurkhas, packed with proper labelling and brought to the Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam for processing and nutritional analysis. The edible parts of vegetables were washed and divided into five sets namely control, boiled, cooked, thermally dehydrated and shade dried. The data of survey showed that gram leaves was the most popular nontraditional vegetable eaten frequent or occasionally by 82% respondents only 18% respondents never tasted or do not know this vegetable. Next vegetables which majority of respondent never tasted or did not know included amaranthus and lambs quarter. About 62% respondents never tasted or do not know horse radish tree flowers as vegetable while 38% respondents answered they eat occasionally. The nontraditional (lambs quarter, horse radish tree flowers, gram leaves, amaranthus) and commercial (spinach) vegetables were analyzed for their nutritive, mineral, vitamin, phytochemical and chlorophyll composition. The highest moisture content (92.66%) was found in spinach under boiled method followed by 88.760% moisture content in the same vegetable at fresh (control). Maximum ash content (16.15%) in horse radish tree flowers followed by 10.56% ash content in amaranthus under thermally dehydration. Protein content was found greater (7.56%) in gram leaves under thermal dehydration method. However, minimum protein of 1.04% was found in spinach under boiling method. The maximum value of 3.85% in horse radish tree flowers under cooking method while minimum fat content i.e. 0.85 and 0.75% was found in spinach and lambs quarter, respectively at boiling method. The highest value (13.35%) of fiber was obtained in thermally dried sample of horse radish tree flowers whereas the lowest value was recorded in boiled sample of spinach. However, higher carbohydrate (68.62%) content was found in lambs quarter at shade drying. The nontraditional vegetables also contain organic acids (e.g. lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid) in all the selected vegetables. The nontraditional and commercial vegetables were also recorded with significant amount of vitamins and phytochemicals. The energy value was found lowest in fresh spinach (38.35 Kcal 100g-1) hence was also detected lowered in other processing methods as compared to nontraditional vegetables. The results of the sensory evaluation of the uncooked and cooked samples in present study revealed that in uncooked samples, horse radish tree flowers obtained highest scores in appearance, color, odor, texture, taste, overall acceptability and purchase i.e. 4.90, 4.70, 4.00, 3.90, 3.50, 3.80 and 3.80. While in traditionally cooked samples lambs quarter and gram leaves retained original color and thus obtained the highest scores in appearance and taste i.e. 3.70, 3.90 and 3.70, 3.50, respectively. Acceptability study by hedonic scoring showed that nontraditional vegetables (horse radish tree flowers, lambs quarter, and gram leaves and amaranthus) made by traditional cooking were most acceptable as compared with commercial vegetable (spinach). These nontraditional vegetables when consumed in cooked form could also be a good source of nutrients. Principal component analysis revealed that the first seven principal components explained about 94.79% of the total variability in the observed parameters. Moisture, total solid, ash, fiber, carbohydrate, nitrogen free extract, energy value, acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium, sodium and potassium resulted the most effective variables for the first principal component. Saponins, flavinoids, phenol and vitamin B3 were major contributors to second principal component, while tannins content was useful to define the third principal component. It was concluded that the nutrient and bioactive contents obtained from selected vegetables seem to suggest that the vegetables have high potential to contribute to the nutritional and health status of local as well as urban communities in Sindh Pakistan. Their use in the communities should therefore, be promoted. Taking into account the amount of nutrient and bioactive content in the selected nontraditional vegetable, these plants could be valuable and important contributor to the diets of the people in Sindh, Pakistan.
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