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ڈاکٹر سیسل لیسٹر (Lyster)

ڈاکٹر سیسل لیسٹر (Lyster)

            انگلستان کے ڈاکٹر سیسل لیسٹر (Lyster) اکسریزر کے اثر سے مرض سرطان میں مبتلا ہوکر وفات پاگئے، رسالہ سائنس سنفنگر لکھتا ہے کہ ان کی وفات ڈاکٹر بل کی اس رائے کی ایک تازہ شہادت بہم پہنچاتی ہے کہ اکسریزر جو اب تک اس مرض کا علاج سمجھا جاتا ہے وہ بجائے اس مرض کو دور کرنے کے اور اس کی تخلیق کا سبب بنتا ہے۔ (اپریل ۱۹۲۰ء)

Art and Architecture as A Space for Kalash Identity (A Case Study of Bumburet Valley in District Chitral Pakistan)

The present study was conducted in Bumburet valley of Kalash, District Chitral, Pakistan. The key technique used for data collection was participant observation in which the researcher lived in the community, observed and documented their cultural patterns as an indicator of their traditional culture which includes religious songs, folklore, dress, art and crafts, as a basis for identity. The basic purpose of the study was to understand the role and significance of arts and architecture as a prime tool for establishing identity for the conventional people of Kalash. The people of Kalash have managed to maintain their identity through their unique arts and crafts. Tradition resists change and most often remains unaltered in a static spatial arrangement. The changes which incorporate in Kalash traditions may find their way through peripheral adjustments. The traditions in art and crafts are scanty to find and the present artifacts does not throw any light on their origin. The art and architecture available signify their unique ways, and tradition which is definitely different from the other ethnic tribes in the shared geographical arrangement. The Kalash ethnic identity has faced several challenges like colonization in the past and modernization and technological advancement and conversion to Islam in the present. The Kalash insist on keeping their self-identity as well as participating in modernity. They have maintained their centuries old traditional culture, despite the fact of current globalization, and modernization.

Characterization of Polymers and Their Blends

The intrinsic viscosity [n], Hugging constant (K11), laser light secattering, UV and IR measurement of nylon 6 are made in its solvent m-eresol and its mixture with different non-solvents like water.
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