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مولانا حیدر زمان صدیقی

مولانا حیدر زمان صدیقی
اسی مہینہ میں پاکستان کے ایک خط سے یہ افسوس ناک اطلاع ملی کہ جنوری کے آخری عشرہ میں مولانا حیدر زمان صدیقی نے وفات پائی، مرحوم سے صرف علمی مراسلت رہتی تھی، اس لئے ان کے ذاتی حالات کم معلوم ہیں، ایک زمانہ میں اُن کا قیام پٹھان کوٹ میں تھا، مگر ہندوستان کی تقسیم کے بعد سے ہری پور ضلع ہزارہ میں منتقل ہوگئے تھے، مرحوم بڑی صلاحیتوں کے مالک تھے، اور اپنی علمی وتصنیفی زندگی کے ابتدائی ہی دور میں ایک خاص حلقہ میں اچھی خاصی شہرت حاصل کرلی تھی، اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں جدید دور کے سیاسی و معاشی مشکلات کا حل اُن کا خاص موضوع تھا، اس موضوع پر وہ معارف اور دوسرے رسالوں میں برابر مضامین لکھتے رہتے تھے، اور اسلامی مسائل کے جدید مفسرین کے برخلاف ان کا قلم بڑی حد تک محتاط واقع ہوا تھا، متفرق مضامین کے علاوہ مستقل تصانیف میں غالباً صرف ایک کتاب اسلام کا نظریہ سیاست اس کی قلمی یادگار ہے، مرحوم کی ذات سے بڑی توقعات وابستہ تھیں، لیکن افسوس موت نے ان کو پوری ہونے کا موقع نہیں دیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس خادم دین کو اپنی مغفرت سے نوازے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۵۲ء)

 

سامی ادیان میں جانوروں کی حلت و حرمت کےمتعلق احکامات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

سامی ادیان میں جانوروں کی حلت و حرمت کےمتعلق احکامات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ Dietary rules and regulations may govern particular phases of the human life cycle and may also be associated with special events. Dietary Laws are grounded into the religious thought, and anyone expects logical clarifications for the continuation and determination of these rules in light of the respective religious tradition. The Semitic religions: orthodox Jews, Christians and Muslims have undoubtedly directed their adherents about the foodstuff “meat” with particular terms and conditions. This study attempts to define the similarities and differences between Halal and Kashrut (Kosher) in the light of their religion's commandments. The study confined to the Holy Scriptures. A comparative approach has been applied to these dietary practices. Moreover, it was found that Halal constitutes a different dietary law (Shariah) than Kashrut and vice versa. Even though similarities are found but it does not permit for the statutes to be usually supposed as reflection of each other. This analytical work will provide theoretical orientation; make reference to relevant theoretical and empirical literature for adequate clarification and comprehension where needed. To avoid pointless details, only the verse number mentioned in footnotes and extracted commands are just mentioned in the article. Qualitative research methodology has been adopted about the dietary laws about animals in Semitic Religions.

Evaluation of Enhanced Stability and Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Inorganic Hole Transporting Materials

Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have shown promise as cost-effective high-performance material for solar cells. Hole transport materials (HTMs) are currently the bottleneck for the realization of efficient cost-effective and stable devices. In this work, synthesis of novel hole-transporting materials based on spinel metal oxides (Co3O4, NiOx, Cu:NiOx, and NiCo2O4) with enhanced carrier mobility and conductivity using chemical precipitation method with high yields are presented. The focus of this research work is to investigate the effectiveness of spinel oxides as the hole transporting interlayer for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by various techniques including XRD, XAS, SEM and TEM to confirm the structure. Furthermore, the band-gap of the synthesized material was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and their valence band maximum (VBM) was determined by photo-electron spectroscopy in air (PESA). Valence band position of spinel oxides (Co3O4 = -5.3 eV, NiOx = -5.5 eV, and Cu:NiOx = -5.4 eV, NiCo2O4 = 5.5 eV) is quite close to valence band of perovskite (~ -5.4 eV). Thus, spinel oxides have a VBM compatible with perovskite, which can facilitate the efficient hole charge transfer. A thin layer of p-type in-organic spinel Co3O4, NiOx, Cu:NiOx and NiCo2O4 in PSCs provides a higher carrier mobility, better-energy level matching, and superior stability. Compared to standard PSC an improved efficiency of 11.65% with Co3O4, 12.79 % with Cu:NiOx, and 14.29 % with NiCo2O4 is achieved. Also, perovskite solar modules with spinel oxides layer is stable for more than 4500 hours in an ambient environment with PCE degradation of less than 5% of initial value. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) results reinforced the above outcomes by showing the decrease in recombination resistance (Rrec) of PSCs with spinel oxides interlayer. Finally, the fabrication of monolithic perovskite module is demonstrated, having an active area of 70 cm2 and showing a power conversion efficiency >11% with Co3O4 and 12.10 % with Cu:NiOx with virtually no hysteresis. This PCE is the highest ever reported efficiency as per our knowledge for such large area perovskite solar devices
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