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حضرت سید افتخار الحسن شاہ

حضرت سید افتخار الحسن شاہ زواری
جیہڑا آپ دے در تے آیا دکھ رہیا ناں بیماری
کھوبر پُل تے لمبی بھینی دین دا جھنڈا لایا
ایڈا فیض روحانی ونڈیا ہر اک نوں ورتایا
اوگن ہار غریباں اتے بہتا کرم کمایا
دل دا میل اتارن پل وچ بھاویں جنی وی اوگنہاری
ویکھن نوں اوہ بہتے سادے پر دل وچ دیوے بلدے
کرن نظارے رب دے پیارے جہڑے سنگت رلدے
بہتا شوق زیارت رکھدے راہواں آپ دیاں ملدے
اوگن ہار غریباںدی حالت آپ نے بہت سنواری
ملتان شہر توں فیض روحانی لمبی بھینی آیا
مخدوم و المشائخ زوار سائیں نے بہتا ہی کرم کمایا
موتی پئے بکھیرن سائیں جتھے وی قدم مبارک پایا
راہواں آپ دیاں تک تک سئیاں کردیاں رہن انتظاری
مخدوم والمشائخ زوار سائیں بیان جدوں فرماندے
انسان کیا پرندے وی ایتھے آکے ہن رک جاندے
سئیاں راہواں تک دیاں رہندیاں کدوں سرکار آندے
مکھ مخدوم دا تکن لئی خلقت راہواں تک تک ہاری

محفل پاک نظامی دے وچ جدوں جلوا افروز نیں ہوندے
محفل دے پروانے سارے عشق نبی وچ روندے
نیر وہاون تے کرلاون پئے ہنجواں ہار پروندے
قلبی عشق روحانی والی لگے دل تے ضرب وی کاری
بیم و رجا تے نظر جے پائیے ولیاں دے سَر کردے
سلطان سکندر مست قلندر آن سلامی بھردے
اوگن ہار غریباں اُتے کنیاں وانگوں ورہدے
جس تے نظر کرم دی پاندے کردے قلب وی جاری
عشق نبی دی شمع جلائی گھر گھر روشن ہویا
لبھی جس حقیقی حیرت اوناں رات نوں سویا
بن حیرت ایہہ زندگی گزری کر افسوس اوہ رویا
حیرت باہجوں زندگی ساری بن گئی ذلت خواری
سید شیر علی شاہ نے لمبی بھینی...

M.H. Panhwar as a Historian

The scope of this article is to find out the strengths and weaknesses of M.H. Panhwar’s historical work and to compare it with other scholars of Sindh. He is the initiator of scientific history writing of Sindh and the only historian who tried to uncover the face behind the social organisation of Sindh. According to him, ‘History is the history of production, control over the means of production and production to its final distribution’. The history is more about people than that of the ruling class as people are makers of history. He had vision to analyze things in their correct historical perspective and, in this context, he took support of archeology, as it is the source of scientific truth. Writing history with data acquired through carbon testing is a new phenomenon in Sindh, which was locally introduced by M. H Panhwar.1 M. H. Panhwar, therefore, was one of the pioneers in giving a new meaning to history by including both ruling elites and the common folk, progressive science, crop technology, forest, wildlife, etc.2 He was the first to throw light on areas which were ignored by other historians. According to him, history written before him is full of the accounts of the rulers’ role in relation to their nobles and foes, battles they fought, attacks, palace plotting, mausoleums, folklore, fiction and so on. Accounts regarding contemporary climate, environments, diversion of rivers, courses and the resultant ruination of irrigation systems, migrations, shifting of people, occupations, social life of the populace etc. Found little room in written histories. For instance changes in production and its means, administration and justice, agriculture, land, animal husbandry, irrigation sources and methods of mining, metallurgy, industry and industrial goods, matrimonial institutions, family and children, houses and interiors, art, architecture, archaeology, personal appearance, dresses, ornaments, foods and drinks, taxes, coins and currency, science and technology, foreign contacts, international trades and traders, routes of trades, religious beliefs, philosophy, hygiene, medicine and doctors, superstitions, common citizens, economic conditions, historical geography of bygone ages, classes of work and their relation with one another, household life, customs, entertainments, pastimes, leisure, attitude of man to nature, languages, literature, literary contacts with outside word, learning and thoughts, status of women and children in affluence and extreme poverty.3 Hence, in real sense M.H Panhwar was scholar of Haig’s Raverty’s and Lambrick’s calibre.

Investigation on Thermophysical and Optical Properties of Nanofluids

This current project is dedicated to an easy, fast and one step method for the synthesis of metallic nanofluids. The gold (Au), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles have been synthesized by ―laser ablation synthesis in liquid‖ (LASiL) method in de-ionized water. The purpose was to explore the dependence of various properties of metallic nanoparticles and nanofluids on the nature of laser (CW or pulsed). In order to prepare nanofluids, a low power continuous wave (CW) diode laser and a high power pulsed Nd:YAG laser have been utilized. The thermophysical and optical properties of the prepared nanofluids have been investigated to optimize the better laser for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and nanofluids with desired properties. The morphological and structural properties of the nanoparticles have been analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Thermal and optical properties of the nanofluids are investigated by thermal conductivity of liquids and gases unit (TCLGU) and UV-Visible spectroscopy, respectively. The diagnostics revel that the synthesized nanoparticles are spherical in shape and have well defined sizes in the range of 1- 49 nm having crystalline structure. The resulting nanofluids exhibited the appreciable enhancement in thermal conductivities as compared to base liquid (de-ionized water). The optical band gap energies are found to be dependent on size of the nanoparticles. It is further inferred that size of nanoparticles can be tuned by the nature of laser.
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