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۔ شیخو شریف کا تاریخی پس منظر

شیخو شریف کا تاریخی پس منظر

شیخو شریف

                شیخو شریف اوکاڑہ سے فیصل آباد جانے والی سڑک پر بنگلہ گوگیرہ سے 8کلو میٹر شمال مشرق میں اوکاڑہ شہر سے تقریباً 30کلو میٹر کے فاصلہ پر واقع ہے۔ رینالہ خورد سے براستہ ستگھرہ بھی تقریباًاتنا ہی سفر بنتا ہے۔یہ علاقہ کبھی ضلع ساہیوال میں شامل تھا جو ادب کے لحاظ سے مردم خیز سر زمین شمار کی جاتی ہے۔ مجید امجد، منیر نیازی، جعفر شیرازی، گوہر ہوشیار پوری، ظفر اقبال اور حاجی بشیر احمد بشیرجیسے نامور شعرا کے اس شہر کی بنیاد اس وقت رکھی گئی جب 1864میں ریلوے لائن بچھ جانے کے بعد گوگیرہ سے ضلعی ہیڈ کوارٹر منتقل کرتے ہوئے گورنر پنجاب سر رابرٹ منٹگمری کے نام سے نیا ضلع بنانے کا اعلان کیا گیااور لاہور ملتان ریلوے لائن پر واقع ساہیوال کو منٹگمری کا نام دیا گیا۔1915تک مختلف انتظامی تبدیلیوں کے بعد یہ ضلع تحصیل پاکپتن، تحصیل اوکاڑہ، تحصیل دیپالپور اور تحصیل منٹگمری کی شکل میں آچکا تھا۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد اس ضلع کے انتظامی ڈھانچے میں تو کوئی تبدیلی نہ ہوئی البتہ عوام کے پر زور اور دیرینہ مطالبہ پر 14نومبر 1966کو ضلع منٹگمری کا نام دوبارہ ساہیوال رکھ دیا گیا۔(۱) یکم جولائی 1982کو جب ضلع اوکاڑہ کا قیام عمل میں لایا گیا تو شیخوشریف کا علاقہ ضلع اوکاڑہ میں آگیا۔

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                شیخو شریف سے جنوب مشرق میں 8کلومیٹر کے فاصلہ پر ستگھرہ کا تاریخی قصبہ واقع ہے۔ ستگھرہ کو بعض جگہ صد گھرہ بھی لکھا گیا ہے۔ ستگھرہ اور صد گھرہ میں فرق صرف ’’س‘‘ اور ’’ص‘‘ کا ہے۔

مولانا نور احمد فریدی، قصرِ ادب ملتان والے ایک سن رسیدہ عالم اور جہاں...

Efficacy of Atorvastatin Plus Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Versus Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Alone in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Genotype-3a Atorvastatin for the treatment of chronic HCV with Genotype-3a

Background: Chronic hepatitis C infection has created a huge burden of disease causing serious health effects. The combination therapy used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection includes Pegylated interferon and Ribavirin. As cholesterol biosynthesis plays a pivotal role in HCV replication, the use of various statins has been associated with higher sustained viral response Objective: To compare the efficacy of atorvastatin plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin versus pegylated interferon and ribavirin alone in patients of chronic hepatitis C with genotype-3a Methods: This Randomized controlled trial was conducted at outpatient department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for six months i.e. May to November 2017. After ethical approval, 60patients of ages 25 to 55 years of either gender with chronic hepatitis C with genotype 3a were included in the study. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Then patients were randomly allocated into two groups “A” and “B” using random number table. Patients in Group A received standard of care treatment for chronic hepatitis C i.e. Pegylated interferon and ribavirin while the patients in Group B also received tab atorvastatin along with the standard treatment. Patients were follow up for 4 week. Blood samples were collected and HCV RNA detection. All this information were entered in proformaResults: In standard therapy group, the mean age of patients was 39.50±8.39years. In atorvastatin plus standard therapy group, the mean age of patients was 34.30±6.78years. In standard therapy group, there were 25 (83.3%) males and 5 (16.7%) females. In atorvastatin plus standard therapy group, there were 16 (53.3%) males and 14 (46.7%) females. After 4 weeks, Rapid VirologicalResponse (RVR) was achieved in 4 (13.3%) patients in standard therapy group while in 14 (46.7%) in atorvastatin plus standard therapy group. The difference was significant (p<0.05) Conclusions: Atorvastatin in combination with Pegylated interferon and ribavirin have better efficacy as compared toPegylated interferon & ribavirin alone in chronic hepatitis C-3a.

An Exploration of Teachers Own Classroom Assessment With Reference to the Framework of Aku Eb Assessment and Students Perceptions of Teachers Assessment and Examination Board Assessment

This study aims to explore teachers' own classroom assessment with reference to the framework of AKU EB assessment and students' perceptions of teachers' assessment and examination board assessment. The teachers' and students' perceptions of classroom assessments and exam board annual assessment have been explored through questionnaire survey. Simultaneously, the document analysis of teachers' classroom assessment papers and the exam board annual assessment papers in English and Mathematics has also been carried out as these two subjects were the main focus of this research study. The samples were selected from three AKU-EB affiliated schools of district Hyderabad. The purposeful or purposive sampling method was used to gather meaningful data with the total of 160 research participants including 26 teachers and 134 students from all three schools. All research participants were requested to fill in the questionnaires, one for teachers and the other for students. Data were analysed by using SPSS to compute the percentages of the responses, the mean scores of all items and the pair t-tests for few items of teachers' and students' questionnaires. The results were later transformed into MS-Excel for further tabulations. The main findings of teachers' questionnaire are: their classroom assessment mainly focused on improving, enhancing, and monitoring students' learning. Teachers felt that their assessment motivated students by awarding them with grades and marks. There were differences between their perceptions of classroom assessment skills and the usage of the skills in their classroom practices, for example in designing essay type of questions, and in communicating students' results with parents and the school management. The main findings of students' questionnaire are: there were significant differences between students' perceptions of teachers' classroom assessments and the exam board annual assessment in terms of the levels of difficulty in the test items i.e. the types of MCQs, CRQs, and ERQs and the marks awarded from both assessments. Students felt that their school teachers mostly designed MCQs type of tests as compared to CRQs and ERQs.
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