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علامہ اخلاق حسین دہلوی

سیداخلاق حسین دہلوی
شمع اردو کاایک اورچراغ بُجھ گیا،اردو کے ممتاز اہل قلم اورادیب ونقاد علامہ سید اخلاق حسین دہلوی اپنی رہائش گاہ لال محل بستی حضرت نظام الدین نئی دہلی میں تقریباً چھ ماہ کی علالت سے گذرتے ہوئے اٹھاسی سال کی طبعی عمر میں انتقال فرماکر اپنے مولیٰ کے حضور میں حاضر ہوگئے۔انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون ۔
مرحوم انتہائی دیندار اوربلند پایہ کتابوں کے مصنف تھے ان کی سوانح عمری میں یہ مرقوم ہے کہ انہوں نے ۱۶ سال کی عمر میں ایک تحقیقی کتابچہ ’’عشق ‘‘ مرتب کرکے شائع کیاتھا۔ اس کے بعدتوان کی کئی کتابیں منظر عام پر آکرعلمی دینی اور ادبی حلقوں میں داد تحسین حاصل کرگئیں۔ ’ ویدک دھرم اور اسلام‘ ان کی کتاب علمی اورتاریخی دنیا میں بڑی شہرت وسراہت کاباعث بنی۔
حضرت علامہ سید اخلاق حسین دہلوی کوعلماء کرام سے بڑی ہی عقیدت تھی، مفکر ملّت حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ سے انہیں والہانہ لگاؤ وانسیت اور محبت تھی، اکثر ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی کے دفتر میں مفتی صاحب ؒ سے ملاقات کی غرض سے آتے اور بڑی دلجمعی کے ساتھ ان کے خیالات سے استفادہ کرتے، مجاہد ملّت حضرت مولانا حفظ الرحمن ؒ اورسحبان الہند مولانا احمدسعیدؒ سے بھی ان کا خصوصی تعلق وربط تھا۔
دہلی کی تہذیب وتمدن کی نمائندگی کے جیتے جاگتے نمونہ تھے۔آہ !ایسی زندہ دل، متین ومخلص شخصیت بھی اب ہمارے درمیان سے اٹھ گئی:
’’اب اسے ڈھونڈ چراغ رخِ زیبا لے کر‘‘
مرحوم علامہ سیداخلاق حسین دہلوی ملّی کاموں میں بھی پیش پیش رہتے تھے۔ ان کے برادرِ خوردحکیم سید حسین دہلوی جن کا انتقال تقریباً ڈیڑھ دوسال پیشتر اپنے برادرِ کلاں کی حیات میں ہی ہوگیاتھا۔دہلی کی معاشرتی اورادبی زندگی کی جان تھے۔خلوص وایثار کے پیکر مجسم!
اﷲ تعالیٰ کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب فرمائے اورمتعلقین کوصبر جمیل عطا کرے...

Development and Validation of a Self-Concept Scale for College Students Using Comics Superhero Characters

Self-concept refers to the domain of self-descriptions that have self-evaluative connotation. Though many researchers embarked in the study of self-concept, and some even developed tests that measured self-concept, majority of these instruments had methodological and theoretical problems due to lack of systematic instrument development and presentation. The objective of the study is to develop a reliable and valid alternative approach to measuring the self in a semi-structured undisguised comics-type test that directly accounts for the way college students consider their choices of superheroes’ traits that characterizes their own. A preliminary survey on self-concept, in a form of open-ended statements was conducted to five hundred ninety-eight (598) college students of selected schools in Manila and Bulacan to know how college students see themselves indicatory of their self-concepts. Results of which, were collated to form the preliminary form. The preliminary form of the SCSS was administered to five hundred ninety-five (595) college students of different universities and colleges. Eighty-eight (88) items under eight (8) components were subjected to item analysis by identifying factors through a series of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Descriptive results were also calculated, as well as the exact reliability coefficient through split-half and Cronbach’s alpha. For the validity, content analysis was applied using two groups of experts who ascertain the suitability of each item in terms of content, relevance, clarity, appropriateness and their representations. They include three (3) experts who have a long experienced in comics industry and another three (3) experts in the field of college students’ self-concept formation. From the total of 88 items, 30 items were eliminated. However, the items that constitute the final form of the SCSS was concentrated into 55 items under six (6) factors upon post-analysis consideration. Statistical analysis revealed that the experts’ ratings were consistent and has high reliability with a generated r value of.894. The SCSS final form was administered to 809 respondents following the same procedures that were used for the preliminary form. The test scores were subjected to reliability facility, such as Alpha Coefficient and Split-Half, computing the reliability coefficients of the final form. Validity was established through convergent analysis, tested in a sample of 419 respondents who took the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS: 2) Adult Form. The test was found to have high reliability with r =.792.

Comparative Analysis of Biochemically and Behaviorally Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Hepatitis C Positive Patients, Karachi and Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Hepatitis C.

Pakistan is the country, which has contributed to the excessive burdens of hepatitis C of chronic nature as a result of which high rate of mortality has been reported that are triggered by the conditions of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Simultaneously, there is very less recent data available for depicting the prevalence and risk factors associated with the clinical condition on the national level, whereas different studies have been put forth with varying rate of prevalence in the country. High prevalence rate of hepatitis C has been observed in Pakistan, which elaborates that about 10 million of the population has been diagnosed with the infection of hepatitis C alone. The study was designed to obtain adequate information about underlying factors that are contributing to the increase prevalence of this disease. Knowledge regarding high risk factors among carriers of HCV, role of biochemical parameters, therapeutic effect of drugs prescribed against the disease on clinical outcome along with this, the exposure of aflatoxin B1 among HCV infected patients and quality of lifestyle of these patients were studied in depth that provides significant insight into the study. This is a cross sectional designed study conducted to collect data from HCV patients. Patients visiting hospital setting (JMPC) were approached to participate in the study and explained the purpose of this research. Those who accepted to contribute, their approval in written has been taken on informed consent form signed by patients. Afterwards, their blood samples were withdrawn for confirmation of HCV RNA that was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patient, who were found positive after evaluation through PCR, i.e. 88 patients were enrolled in the study. Their blood samples were also evaluated for liver enzymes and aflatoxin B1 levels. Patients were then provided with a structured proforma containing various questions for evaluation of their demographic data, to assess their knowledge status, history of exposure to high risk factors (to identify possible cause of Hepatitis C Virus acquaintance) and to observe their routine lifestyle practices. Afterwards, their blood samples were also evaluated to assess hepatic biomarkers, and other biochemical test. Elisa was used to assess the levels of aflatoxin B1. Appropriate treatment regimen was then provided to enroll patients including interferon and ribavirin for the period of 6 months. During the period patients were properly followed and after that, their blood samples were again withdrawn for post-treatment analysis of HCV status, hepatic biomarkers and other biochemical tests. Conferring to the findings of this study, based on post treatment analysis, patients were divided into two groups. Those found negative with HCV RNA were placed in one group named `treatment responder group`, others with positive HVC RNA were placed in second group named `treatment non-responder group`. Statistical analysis was performed on IBM SPSS 20. Chi-square test was used to find possible association among various parameters qualitatively. Socio-demographic assessment of the study population revealed that the high incidence of HCV patients reported at above 40 years of age make up to 60% of total population. While females were found to be the most susceptible ones. This study also reported that the rate of incidence of this disease is higher in patients who are illiterate or have received no formal education i.e. 60%. Along with this high incidence of HCV have also been observed in patients with less earning outcome. However, most of the patients affected lived in proper houses which indicate the lack of serious apprehension towards avoidance of associated risk for this disease. On assessing the knowledge of patients toward the risk factors associated with transmission of hepatitis C, most of the patients found aware of the fact that blood transfusion, unsafe sex, blade, razor, miswak, used needles, tattoo along with ear and nose piercing have potential to spread disease whereas they were found quiet unaware about body secretion as well as use of utensils of persons already infected with HCV which also have the ability to transmit the disease. On evaluating the historical events of studied patients, foremost reason responsible for transmission of hepatitis C infection was possibly the use of unsterile instruments during any surgery or dental procedure. However, the other reasons accounts for transmission of this disease in patients could be a family member affected with HCV, may be blood transfusion, piercing of any body part usually ear or nose, exposed to needle stick injury etc. Insecure sex along with injecting drug are also contributing for the disease but to a lesser extent. The effects of therapy provided against HCV infection comprising of interferon and ribavirin on hepatic biomarkers and various blood parameters have been investigated in this study. In post treatment analysis significant adaptations have been observed in serum ALT levels, bilirubin, HBA1c, prothrombin time and levels of uric acid i.e. P-value < 0.05. While there is no such association recorded between anti HCV drugs and serum levels of AST, GGT, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins and serum creatinine. The established side effects of therapy on hematopoietic lineages have also been observed representing reduction in Hb levels and platelet count. Exposure of aflatoxin B1 among HCV patients have also being ruled out. Aflatoxins are mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive in nature. It is present in nuts, grains, and cottonseed as well as other commodities that are related to food for human consumption or animal feeds. On the other hand, some of crops may be observed contaminated by the manifestation of one or more sub-types of the aflatoxins including B1, B2, G1, and G2. Aflatoxin B1 is known for its toxic nature among other types of aflatoxins, which is mainly due to its hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic properties that not only leads to the development of hepatitis, but also contribute to the manifestation of lung cancer, HCC, and immune suppression. This study did not found any association on treatment outcome of therapy directed against HCV in connection with AFB1 exposure. On the other hand, the evaluation of patients exposed to AFB1 showed that most cases of AFB1 exposure has been reported at age group of 50-59 years. However, with the increase in age, increase in exposure has also been observed upto 60 years. Females were found to have more exposed gender with AFB1 whereas males are also exposed to this toxin. Educational standing of the patients exposed to AFB1 suggest that there is no difference recorded based on literacy. As noted in study most educated people have more AFB1 exposure. Similarly, income level as well as the type of house in which patients are living does not affect the level of AFB1exposure. In a nut shell, this study through light primary factors accountable for increase prevalence of HCV in which socio-demographic characteristic play a vital role. Patients were quiet aware of most of the transmission factors that are increasing burden of the disease. Most of the patients could have received this virus (HCV) after some surgical procedures. Moreover, after receiving therapy against this disease, mostly patients have responded and the consequence of therapy on hepatic biomarkers and other biochemical parameters were also noted. Significant correlation was documented against serum ALT levels, bilirubin, HBA1c, prothrombin time and levels of uric acid along with decreasing effect on hematopoietic lineages. The level of aflatoxin exposure among patients were independents of socio-demographic factors.
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