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باتیں ’’خواب، خوشبو،آئینے‘‘ کی

باتیں ’’خواب، خوشبو،آئینے‘‘ کی

سماج میں خیالات و جذبات کے اظہار کیلئے بہت سے ذرائع موجود ہیں مگر کئی ذرائع ایسے ہیں جن میں ابلاغ زیادہ موثر نہیں ہے۔جیسا کہ سنگ تراشی اور تصویر کشی ہیں۔کیونکہ ان دونوں ذرائع میں فنکار اور دیکھنے والے کے نقطہ نظر میں بہت زیادہ اختلاف رائے کی گنجائش ہوتی ہے۔ہر کوئی فنکار کی سوچ تک رسائی نہیں رکھتااس لیے سماج میں ان ذرائع کو کم ہی استعمال میں لایا جاتا ہے۔البتہ شاعری ایسا موثر ذریعہ ہے جس میں شاعر اپنا نقطہ نظر بہت کم الفاظ اور وقت میں دوسروں تک پہنچا سکتا ہے اس لیے ہمیں سماج میں چہار سو شاعری کا راج نظر آتا ہے۔اسی ذریعہ سے محترمہ عظمت فردوس اسوہ نے اپنے خیالات کا اظہار کیا ہے اور اپنے خیالات کو ’’خواب خوشبو آئینے‘‘ کا نام دے کر ادب کو امیر بنانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔

اس مجموعہ کلام میں ایک نعت ،مدح مرشد،مدح غالب و جالب،ایک نظم ’’ماں‘‘ قطعات،فردیات اور غزلیات پڑھنے والے کی دلچسپی کا باعث ہیں۔محترمہ اسوہ نے اپنے کلام میں جن موضوعات پر قلم چلائی ہے۔اسکا مختصر جائزہ کچھ اس طرح سے ہے۔

شاعرہ نے شاعری کی روایت سے انحراف کرتے ہوئے اس مجموعہ کلام کو اپنے مرشد کی مدح بیان کرکے شروع کیا ہے۔مگر انہوں نیمدحیہ اشعار پر کوئی موضوع نہیں لکھا۔لکھتی ہیں کہ میرے مرشد نے مجھے سیدھے رستے سے روشناس کیا اور آج میں جو کچھ بھی ہوں اپنے مرشد کی نظر کرم کی بدولت ہوں۔

مجھ کو مرشد نے حق شناس کیا

سیدھے رستے سے روشناس کیا

ان کی نظر کرم ہے بس اسوہؔ

مجھ سی بندی کو اتنا خاص کیا(ص11)

حضور پاکﷺکی ذات اقدس سے آپ...

Why Do We Believe in God? An Analysis of the Motives of the Believing Behaviour in Human Beings

This article explores the motives of the human believing behaviour. The author postulates that to believe in God is natural and not to believe is a deviation from the true and pure human nature. This fact has, also, been admitted by many philosophers, psychologists and geneticists. A brief debate with reference to philosophy, anthropology, psychology and genetics has been presented to have a review the opinions of some eminent philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists about the believing behavior of the human nature. The traces of the religiosity of the primitive tribes without exception are a further evidence for the said fact. Some evidences have been presented from history and also from the examples of some living primitive tribes of Australia and Africa to accentuate the stance that to believe in God is a natural, innate, instinctual motive in the human nature. Author also quotes certain verses from the Qur’an to confirm the conformity of the historical, philosophical, psychological and genetical facts and findings with the Qur’anic stance about the believing behaviour of the human nature. The motives behind human behaviour in believing God are counted by the author as: rationality, anxiousness for God and the Life hereafter, Love of God, Affiliation with the native culture, Influence and Inspiration, Religion: A Remedy or Solution and Preaching in Terms of addresses.

Effect of Indus River Floods on Dynamics of Riverine Flora of Low Riparian Zone

The riparian zone refers to biotic communities on the banks of rivers, streams and lakes. Riparian zones are an unusually diverse mosaic of landforms, communities and environments within the larger landscape and they serve as a framework for understanding the organization, diversity and dynamics of the communities associated with fluvial ecosystems. A variety of natural disturbances create a spatial and temporal environmental mosaic with few parallels in other systems. Pakistan riparian zone mostly belongs to Sindh and Punjab provinces and prone to varieties of climatical problems and anthropogenic activities. The research was conducted to estimate and compare the effects of 2010 floods on the structure and composition of riverine floral diversity in low riparian zone of River Indus. To estimate the impact, data was collected from two sites along River Indus in low riparian zone i.e. Keti Shah Forest (Sukkur, Sindh province) and Taunsa Wildlife Sanctuary (Muzaffargarh, Punjab province). The study evaluates the phytosociological parameters of floral diversity in low riparian zone of River Indus. The impact of 2010 floods on floral diversity was calculated using BioDiversity Professional Statistical Software. The results of the study shows that the Taunsa Wildlife Sanctuary is rich in floral diversity with total 30 species in pre-monsoon season and 20 species in post-monsoon season, in comparison to the Keti Shah Forest. In Keti Shah Forest 22 species found in pre-monsoon and 16 in post-monsoon season. Different biodiversity parameters (Shannon Index, Simpson’s Index, Margalef’s lndex, SHE analysis and cluster analysis) shows that pre-flooded vegetation was more rich with total 39 families in Taunsa Wildlife xxiii Sanctuary and 18 families in Keti Shah Forest. The edaphic parameters proved less fertility in post-monsoon season in comparison to pre-monsoon season. The outcome of this study revealed that floods and heavy rains have destructive effects on vegetation of the study area. These adverse effects eliminate 23 and 7 families from the Taunsa and Keti Shah Forest, respectively. The results concluded that in upstream areas about 60% plant families eliminated after 2010 floods, with 75% species lost. In comparison to downstream about 40% plant families eliminated due to floods, with 37% species lost. The more lost in plant biodiversity in upstream was due to high intensity of floods as compared to downstream. The outcome of this study benefits in future in forest management, planning, floral diversity conservation and in mitigating adverse effect of the floods in studied areas. In future, illicit cutting and conversion of forest area to agricultural land should be controlled by implementing the proper management plan of the forest area. Regeneration and replanting activities of the native species should be carried out on regular basis and species gene bank should be established to conserve the species which are growing well in the area. Planting woody plant species on the banks of the river helps in reducing the velocity of the flood water and serves as the barrier for the whole forest area by preventing it from adverse impacts of the regular floods.
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