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جزئیات نگاری

جزئیات نگاری

                ناطق نے ناول میں جزئیات نگاری سے کام لیاہے عصری دور میں جزئیات نگاری کواتنی اہمیت نہیں دی جاتی۔مصنف نے اس کے برعکس اپنے ناول’’کماری والا‘‘میں جزئیات نگاری کو بڑھا دیا ہے اور ہر ایک واقعے کی جزئیات کو بیان کیا ہے۔اس طرح ایک طرف تو تحریر میں خوبصورتی پیدا ہوئی پر ساتھ ساتھ کہانی غیر ضروری طوالت میں چلی گئی۔ وہ اپنی زندگی میں جن حالات سے گزر چکے ہیں انھوں نے ان سب کو بتانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔ایک ایک پل کو اس طرح بتایا ہے کہ قاری’’ضامن‘‘کی زندگی کو جزئیات نگاری کی وجہ سے مکمل جانتا ہے وہ کب ،کس پل ،کہاں ،کیا کرتا ہے سب باتوں کو ناطق نے تفصیلاًبیان کیا ہے۔بات یہ بھی درست ہے کہ جب قاری ناول پڑھتا ہے تو اسے خود حالات و واقعات کو مکمل جان لینے کی دھن ہوتی ہے۔اس لیے اگر مصنف نے ان حالات کو مدنظر نہ رکھا ہو تا تو ناول صرف ایک بیانیہ کہلاتا۔جزئیات نگاری قاری کی دلچسپی کو بڑھاتی ہے۔مصنف نے بھی ناول میں مکمل ماحول کا نقشہ قاری کے ذہن میں ابھارا ہے اپنی جزئیات نگاری کی مدد سے یہ قاری کیلئے انہماک کا ذریعہ ہے۔

 

 

Incongruity in Contemporary and Shariah Compliant Current Accounts and Ijarah Operated by Islamic Banking

Current accounts and Ijarah has been foremost and important tools operated by the Islamic Financial Institutions. This study attempts to explore a few misgivings in the handling of current accounts by the Islamic banks in Pakistan. Financial management of Islamic banks is not under consideration which leads to the violation of Shariah’s fundamentals. Also in case of Ijarah, a bank’s client suffers from financial losses which must be borne in Islamic Banking system. Islamic Banks transfer the burden of some charges emerging form ownership of leased asset on their clientele which does not have any justification according to Shariah. This research has been carried out by taking unstructured interviews from some of the concerned staff of Islamic Banks. The results depict that current accounts and Ijarah is in operation and need to be revised and refined and must comply with Shariah.

Hybrid Nature Inspired Algorithms for Engineering Design Optimization Problems

The focus of this dissertation is on the development of hybrid nature inspired metaheuristics for engineering design optimization problems. In this study, three nature inspired metaheuristics naming Artificial Showering Algorithm (ASHA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) have been considered for improvement and hybridization. We propose several improved as well as novel mixtures of the Nature Inspired Computational (NIC) methods, such as Targeted Showering Optimization (TSO), Radial ABC (RABC), hybrid of ABC and a modified ASHA (ABC-MASH) and Differential Targeted ABC (DTABC) algorithms. The structures and working principles of the proposed algorithms are discussed and analyzed in details. The performance of the our proposed hybrid NIC algorithms has been investigated by statistical analysis of their results on nonlinear, unimodal, multi-modal, multi-objective, nonlinear systems in engineering and engineering design optimization problems. The analysis reveals that the proposed hybrid NIC algorithms overcome the deficiencies of individual algorithms and outperform several past hybrid methods on engineering design optimization problems. It has been established through computer simulations and non-parametric analysis of the results that our designed hybrid NIC algorithms are consistent in producing superior optimization results over the standard individual NIC algorithms as well as the past hybrid methods with respect to the exploration efficiency, speed of convergence and quality and quantity of the best and mean optimal solutions attained.
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