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3 پنجابی دی کلاسیکی شاعری

پنجابی دی کلاسیکی شاعری

 

                پہلی گل ایہہ وے پئی کلاسیکی شاعری کس شاعر نوں آکھدے نیں؟ کیوں جے کلاسیکی دا عام طور تے مطلب پرانی شاعری دا تصور کیتا جاندا اے ایہہ شاعری ڈھیر مدتاں تک زندہ رہندی اے ایہدے چن نوں گرہن نہیں لگدا اے پت جھڑ دے جثے وچ نہیں آوندی، رتاں دی ضد، عالم تے جاہل دی سوچ، بولیاں دی دوج کلاسیکی شاعری دی جند نوں موت وی نقصان نئیں پہنچا سکدی۔

                پرانی شاعری مدتاں تک کس طرح زندہ رہندی اے؟ ایہدا جواب اے کہ پرانی شاعری وچ جیہڑا روپ ہووے جے اوہ فانی نہ ہوے جیہڑے سچائی ہوئے اوہ ہٹ دھرمی اتے قائم نہ کیتی گئی ہوے ایہدی ڈوہنگائی دل وی ڈوہنگائی وانگر ڈونگھی ہووے ایہدے جذبے خاص حداں توں باہر نہ ہون ایہدے وچ جیہڑا جوش ہوئے اوہ وقتی اوبال نہ ہوے فیر سمجھ لو پئی پرانی شاعری کلاسیکی شاعری ہندی اے فیر ایہہ ہر بندہ بشر دے ذہن اتے سوار ہوجاندی اے ہر قوم وچ مقبول ہوجاندی اے ہر زمانے دی بولی وچ اپنا تھاں بنا لیندی اے۔

                اج دی شاعری نوں اسیں جھٹ پٹ کلاسیکی شاعری نئیں آکھ سکدے کیوں جے ایہدا پتا نہیں...

Relationship Between Level of Educational Attainment and Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Individual Religious Affiliation

Purpose: This study empirically investigates the relation between education level and employees’ performance working in public sector universities from the viewpoint of Islamic religiosity when religious affiliations play mediating role. It has been experienced that more educated people are found to be more involved in performing tasks related to the religious affiliations. Due to the fact that people with higher education found less time to complete their religious obligations, they are more involved in alternative arrangements like charity and donations to fulfill the hunger of religious attainments. Therefore, in order to satisfy themselves religiously, they are more involved in religious affiliations. This high involvement in fulfilling religious arrangements impacts their individual job performance which is necessary to explore. Research Methodology: Data was gathered from the public sector university employees of Pakistan. Out of 900 distributed questionnaires, 520 were received with response rate of 73.65%. Regression analysis is performed in order to determine the association between level of education and individual performance. Further, in order to determine the mediating role of religious affiliations, the Barren and Kerry (1984) model is applied. Findings: Using questionnaire survey the results of the study showed that level of education significantly impacts the religious affiliations in positive manner and high religious affiliations increase the individual job performance. The results at this point indicated that an unobservable indicator, like propensity for logical rationale induces individuals for higher education and ultimately high religious affiliations. Recommendations: Based upon the results, it is recommended that religiosity and ethical values in management set up are need to be escorted by public reforms to let the identification of employees to their work values and their obligation to the performance of work-related tasks. Originality: This study would be a clear contribution in the field of human behavior towards making alternative arrangements in order to fulfill religious obligations and at the same time identifying the mediating role of religious attainments in determining their individual performance.

Synthesis of High Technology Colorants

Phthalocynines and perylenes constitute an important group of industrial dyes with broad ranging activities. The research work reported in the thesis comprises three parts. First part comprised of the synthesis of various substituted phthalocyanines and in the second part perylene based dyes were synthesized. In part three, the potential of the selected synthesized compounds for applications in organic electronics was demonstrated. In order to synthesize phthalocynine dyes various precursors including 4- [(6-hydroxyhexylamino)methyl]phthalonitrile,(130) 4-[(9,10-dioxo-9,10- dihydroanthracen-2-ylamino)methyl]phthalonitrile,(131) 4-({1-[(4- nitrophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-2-yloxy}methyl)phthalonitrile,(132) 4-({4-[(4- nitrophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-1-yloxy}methyl)phth alonitrile (133) 4-(pyrrolidin- 1-yl)phthalonitrile, (126) 4-(piperidin-1-yl)phthalonitrile (127) and 4-(azepan-1- yl)phthalonitrile (128) were prepared. These precursors were then cyclotetramerized by refluxing in the presence of metal chlorides (where required) in nitrobenzene to obtain substituted metallated and non metallated phthalocyanines (152-169, 189-196) (Scheme-I). iR CN R PhNO 2 , MCl 2 6 Hrs reflux CN R N N N M N N N N O H N R R R = HO-(CH 2 ) 6 - NHCH 2 −, N− N CH 2 − M = 2H, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Pb. N− O N− Scheme I 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-Tetra(chlorosulfonyl)phthalocyanines (170) were prepared from the chlorosulfonylation of unsubstituted phthalocyanines. The tetra(chlorosulfonyl)phthalocyanines (170) were then hydrolyzed to obtain 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasulfophthalocyanines (146-151). 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-Tetra(octylaminosulfonyl)-, (171-182) 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra(6-hydroxyhexylaminosulfonyl)- (183-188) and 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra(p-sulfophenylaminosulfonyl)phthalocyanines (171- 176) (metallated and metal tetrachlorosulfonylphthalocyanines free) were prepared by reacting the with aminooctane, 6-aminohexanol and 4- amniobenzenesulfonic acid respectively (Scheme-II). iiSO 2 Cl ClO 2 S N N N M N N ClSO 3 H N N N Reflux, 10 hrs N N N M N N N N N SO 2 Cl ClO 2 S r.t RH NH SO 2 R NH(CH 2 ) 5 -CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 7 -CH 3 , OH R = RO 2 S SO 3 H N M = 2H, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Pb. N N M N N N N N SO 2 R RO 2 S Scheme II In the second phase few alkylated perylene diimides were synthesized from perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (Scheme-III) to study their applications in organic electronics. aggregational behavior of non- alkylated and alkylated perylene dyes. iiiO O O O O O NH 2 -(CH 2 )n-CH 3 O O n(H 2 C) N O H 3 C O O n = 3, 7. NH 2 -(CH 2 ) 6 -OH NH 2 -(CH 2 ) 6 -R O O (H 2 C) 6 N N (CH 2 ) 6 HO O O (H 2 C) 3 OH H 3 C O O N N (CH 2 ) 6 O O R R = OH, NH 2 . (Scheme III) All precursors (Phthalonitriles) were characterized by IR, NMR, Mass and elemental analysis while structure final products were established by UV/Vis, IR, Mass and elemental analysis. In phase three of this research, investigation of the selected synthesized organic semiconducting materials for potential applications in organic electronics was undertaken. In this thesis, fabrication and characterization of Au/K 4 NiPTS/Ag, Au/K 4 NiPTS/Au and N-BuPMIMA/p-Si surface type Schottky barrier diode, surface type capacitive humidity sensor and heterojunction, respectively, is reported. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the Au/K 4 NiPTS/Ag Schottky diode are studied. The device has shown rectification behavior. Interpretation of the charge transportation in K 4 NiPTS is provided. From the I-V curves the diode parameters are extracted. This has successfully demonstrated the potential of the synthesized organic semiconductor reported in this thesis for a wide range of Schottky diode based electronic and photonic devices of current industrial importance. Effect of relative humidity on the capacitance of the surface-type Au/K 4 NiPTS/Au sensor is investigated. It is observed that the capacitance of the ivsensor increases with the rise in humidity level. Humidity dependent capacitance properties of this sensor make it attractive for use in humidity sensors.Current- voltage (I-V) characteristics of the N-BuPMIMA/p-Si heterojunction are studied. The device has shown rectification behavior. Interpretation of the charge transport through N-BuPMIMA is provided. Further work on the fabrication of a number of organic electronic devices including Schottky diodes, heterojunctions, sensors and organic field effect transistors using the synthesized organic semiconducting materials reported in this thesis, is in progress.
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