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خوبیوں کے اظہار کا مرقع۔۔۔منان لطیف

خوبیوں کے اظہار کا مرقع۔۔۔ منان لطیفؔ

                انسان جس امر کی کوشش کرتا ہے ،اس میں مسلسل محنت کے ساتھ جستجو اور خوب سے خوب تر کی لگن کی بدولت کامیا بی حاصل کر لیتا ہے ۔ہمارے تعلیمی نظام کی یہ خامی رہی ہے کہ طلبہ کسی بھی مضمون میں حادثاتی طور داخلہ لیتے ہیں اور پھر محنت سے جی چراتے ہیں ۔تعلیمی اداروں میں ایسا نظام بھی رائج نہیں کہ طلبہ اپنے مضمون میںعملی مہارت اور دسترس رکھتے ہوں ۔اس لیے بہت کم طالب علم اپنے مضمون سے انصاف کر پاتے ہیں ۔منان لطیفؔ کا شمار ایسے طلبہ میں ہوتا ہے جو ذوق و شوق ،محنت و لگن اور تلاش و جستجو کو اپنا شعار بنا کر اپنے مضمون میں دسترس حاصل کرنے میں منہمک رہتے ہیں ۔ان کا جوش و جذبہ اوائل میں ہی جھلکنے لگتا ہے اور محنت رنگ لانے لگتی ہے ۔چنانچہ ان کے ذوق و شوق کی پہلی جھلک ’’گرد شِ خاک‘‘کی صورت میں دیکھی جا سکتی ہے ۔جو اس کے بعض گُن اور خوبیوں کے اظہار کا مرقع ہے ۔منان لطیفؔ کو شاعری سے شغف ہے اور نثر پر مہارت ہے ۔چونکہ شاعری کے لیے طبع مناسب کے ساتھ ساتھ بعض تکنیکی امور بھی شامل حال ہوتے ہیں ،اس لیے ابتدائی طور پر نثری اظہاریے یا نثری نظم کی طرف توجہ کومعیوب خیال  نہیں  کر نا چاہیے ۔ اصل مقصد اظہارِ ذات ہے جو انسان کوکئی نفسیاتی اور معاشرتی عوارض سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے ۔اگر اس کی نظموں کا مطالعہ کیا جائے تو بعض مواقع سے قطع نظر اس کا جوہر کھلتا دکھائی دے گا ۔لفاظی ،لفظ تراشی ،لفظی بازی گری اور تراکیب سے واضح ہو گا کہ زمینِ ادب سے نکلنے کو بے تاب یہ ننھا پودا چھتناور درخت بننے کی بھرپور اہلیت رکھتا ہے...

Novel Bioactive Compound Production by Microbial Biota: Potential Antimicrobials Potential antimicrobials produced by microbial biota

Man is always trying to make his life easier and accomplished. He has faced mass destruction in history due to epidemics like small pox, malaria and plague. In order to combat diseases, exploration of man led him to search for causative agents and their control. A time reached when it was found that microbes are themselves a source of potent metabolites which have proved to be effective as drugs and medicines showing great antibiotic activity. It is necessary to find out new sources for potential new antimicrobial compounds. Several hundred important compounds have been isolated which have antibiotic activities and diverse chemical nature. But these compounds should have minimum toxicity to be useful clinically. Because of the increasing resistance of pathogens, there was a never ending desire and need to search for more. Bioactive Compounds have been extracted from microbes which are produced as secondary metabolites. Day by day, new compounds are being discovered giving a hope of golden future of drug industry. The current article emphasizes the importance and need to search for new bioactive compoundsto overcome infections caused by multiple drug resistant (MDR) and biofilm forming pathogens irrespective of the previously present knowledge. 

Removal of Selected Metal Ions from Aqueous Media by Agricultural Wastes: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

In the present research study, biosorption efficacy of agro-wastes (rice husk, bagasse, peanut husk, cotton sticks and wheat bran) for U, Zr and Sr removal from aqueous media was investigated. Rice husk, bagasse and peanut husk were selected as most efficient biosorbent for the removal of U, Zr and Sr ions respectively. These selected biomasses were subjected to different pre-treatments (Physical and chemical) and modifications (immobilization). Batch biosorption affecting parameters like pH, sorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration and temperature were optimized for native, pre-treated and immobilized biomasses to get maximum removal. Maximum biosorption capacity values were found at pH (4-5), (3-4) and (7-9) for U, Zr and Sr ions respectively for native, pre- treated and immobilized biomasses. The amount of metal ions sorbed (mg/g) decreased with increasing biosorbent dose and increased at higher initial metal ion concentration. Linear and non-linear regression forms of pseudo-first and second-order were studied and value of R2 and six non-linear regression error functions namely hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID), Marquardt’s percent standard deviation (MPSD), average relative error (ARE), sum of the errors squared (ERRSQ/SSE), sum of the absolute errors (EABS) and Chi-square test (χ2) were used to predict the most optimum kinetic model. Sorbent- sorbate reaction nature was estimated by fitting equilibrium data by non-linear and transformed linear forms of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms and most optimum isothermal model was optimized by comparing linear and non-linear R2 value and non-linear regression error functions. Calculated values of thermodynamic parameters i.e. ΔG ̊, ΔH ̊ and ΔS ̊ showed that studied processes are feasible and spontaneous. Response surface methodology using face-cantered central composite design was used to design experiments for biosorption of U(VI), Zr(IV) and Sr(II) ions onto biomasses. Significance of main, interaction and square effects of quadratic model was determined by ANOVA, F-test and p value. Adsorption/desorption studies showed that biosorbents can be reused successfully. Effect of interfering ions (cations & anions) on the removal efficiencies was studied. The column biosorption was also done and effect of bed height, flow rate and initial metal ion concentration was also studied by breakthrough curves and applying Bed Depth Service (BDST) and Thomas model. BET, SEM-EDX, TGA, XRD and FTIR analysis were carried out to characterize the biomasses. The whole study proved that selected agro-wastes have good removal potential for U(VI), Zr(IV) and Sr(II) ions containing wastewater.
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