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ماما چبڑ

ماما چبڑ

اک ہوندا اے ماما چبڑ، اوہنے واہی لئی دو بلد رکھے ہوندے نیں۔ اک دن اوہدے بلد کھل کے راجے دے کھیتاں وچ چلے جاندے نیں تے راجہ اوہناں نوں پھڑ کے بنھ لیندا اے۔ جدوں مامے چبڑ نوں پتہ لگا تاں اوہ اپنے بلد لین گھروں راجے ول ٹردا اے۔

ٹرے جاندے نوں رستے وچ اوہنوں اک شیر ملدا اے۔ شیر اوہدے کولوں پچھدا اے کہ ماما کتھے چلے او؟ اوہ آکھدا اے کہ راجے میرے بلد بنھ لے نیں۔ میں اوہ لین جا رہیا آں۔ شیر اوس نوں آکھدا اے کہ مینوں وی اپنے نال لے چل۔ ماما اوس نوں آکھدا اے کہ میرے کن وچ وڑھ جا۔ شیر مامے دے کن وچ وڑھ جاندا اے۔ ماما جدوں تھوڑا جیہا ہور آگانہہ جاندا اے۔ تاں اوس نوں اک بھونڈ ملدا اے۔ اوہ اوس کولوں پچھدا اے کہ ماما کتھے چلے او؟ ماما اوس نوں شیر والا جواب دیندا اے۔ بھونڈ اوس نوں نال لے جاون دا آکھدا اے ماما اوہنوں وی اپنے کن وچ واڑھ لیندا اے تے راجے دے محل ول سفر شروع کر دیندا اے۔ سفر کردے ہوئے اوس دریا پار کرنا ہوندا اے۔ دریا پچھدا اے کہ ماما کتھے چلے او؟ ماما پہلے والا جواب دیندا اے؟ دریا نال جاون دا آکھدا اے تے ماما اوس نوں اپنے کن اندر واڑھ کے راجے دے محل اپڑ جاندا اے۔

راجے نوں جدوں پتہ لگا کہ ماما اپنے بلد لین آیا اے تاں اوہ اوس نوں بکریاں والے واڑے وچ بند کر دیندا اے۔ رات نوں ماما اپنے کن وچوں شیر نوں کڈھ دا اے جو راجے دیاں ساریاں بکریاں کھا جاندا اے۔ اگلے دن راجہ مامے نوں مرغیاں دے کھڈے وچ بند کر دیندا اے۔ ماما اپنے کن وچوں بھونڈ نوں کڈھ...

السلم الاجتماعی: ضرورتہ و مبادئہ فی ضوء الشریعۃ الاسلامیۃ

Islam is a religion of peace and harmony. The Islamic teachings are guarantee of peaceful co-existence. A society which practices Islamic teachings of peaceful co-existence, brotherhood and cooperation makes advancement. Disharmony and non-tolerance causes societal decline. The article focuses the importance of peaceful co-existence in light of the Islamic teachings. Besides discussing the principles of societal peace mentioned in the holy Qur’an and Hadith, it has been elaborated that how these principles can be applied to achieve and maintain societal peace and order in contemporary times. The articles ends with some guiding principles and details as suggested in the Qur’an and Sunnah. A Muslim society can prosper only by adopting these principles in letter and spirit and resultantly their differences will be a thing of past. These guiding principles are as under: § Justice and Equality. § Guarantee to rights of all segments of society. § Abiding the rulers in lawful. § Promulgation of Islamic Sharia and observing its objectives. § Adopting moderate and balanced approach in religious matters. § Discharging the duty of preaching in light of Qur’an &Sunnah. § Cooperation in righteous &lawful and avoiding conflict. § Performing citizenry duties in light of Islamic Teachings. § Participating in reformative activities of society.

Inducing Terminal Heat Stress Tolerance

Cotton is considered as backbone of Pakistan’s economy. It is a summer season crop. However, severely high temperature (> 45°C) often prevails at its reproductive stages which is a great threat to its productivity. The aim of present study was to mitigate the bad impacts of heat stress on cotton through foliar application of boron, zinc or chitosan. Initially in (2016) a pot trial was carried out in glass house to compare the heat tolerance of available cotton cultivars. Experiment was conducted using completely randomized design (CRD) with split treatment structure and replicated four times. Heat stress was imposed by placing pots in glass house. The experimental material consisted of fifteen cultivars of cotton viz. FH-Lalazar, FH-142, FH-114, CIM-598, CIM-599, CIM-602, VH-282, VH-326, VH-341, MNH-886, MNH-888, MNH-992, IUB-13, IUB-212 and IUB-222. One set of pots was placed in ambient environment (H0; control) while other set was placed in glasshouse for 15 days after germination (H1; heat imposition). On the basis of relative leaf water contents, cell membrane thermo-stability, antioxidant enzymes and biomass accumulating parameters (root, shoot length, fresh and dry weight) these genotypes were grouped in to three classes. Genotypes CIM-598, CIM-599, CIM-602, VH-282, VH-326, VH-341, MNH-888, MNH-992 and IUB-13 expressed heat tolerance; FH-Lalazar, FH-142, MNH-886, IUB-212 and IUB-222 represented medium susceptibility while FH-114 depicted highest susceptibility to terminal heat. Out of these a popular medium heat tolerant variety FH-142 was selected for further experimentation. Thereafter, two independent field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years 2016 and 2017 at Students’ Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Both experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Each treatment was repeated thrice and randomized in split structure. Heat stress (for 4 days at flower beginning; for 8 days at flower beginning) was the main factor in both experiments. A control (H0; ambient temperature) was also maintained. First experiment consisted of combinations of (0, 1 g L-1) and zinc (0, 2 g L-1) foliar spray in subplots. In second trial, foliar application of chitosan in different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g L-1) were made in subplots. Negative allegations of heat stress were more pronouncing under ‘heat stress at flower initiation for 8 days’ than ‘heat stress at flower initiation for 4 days’. In the first field experiment foliar applied zinc alone (zinc 2 g L-1) and in combination with boron (1 g boron L-1 + 2 zinc g L-1) showed statistically alike and comparatively more growth, yield, physiological, biochemical and quality related attributes compared to control and foliar applied boron alone under heat stress environments. While, statistically more antioxidants enzymes, osmo-protectants, chlorophyll contents and water relations attributes and significantly lesser malondialdehyde contents were perceived with combined application of two nutrients (1 g boron L-1 + 2 g zinc L-1) than other treatments under ‘no heat stress’. In second field experiment, chitosan at 0.6 and 0.8 g L-1 performed equally well, but better than its lower doses, in improving the performance of heat-stressed cotton. Moreover, biochemical attributes variations were found statistically significant under varying temperature regimes. And foliar applied micronutrients (boron and zinc) in combination and growth regulator (chitosan) proved more advantageous under heat compared to control
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