Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

امتیاز اوجھلؔ

{امتیاز اوجھلؔ (۱۹۴۲ء۔۲۰۱۱ء) کا اصل نام رحمت علی اور اوجھلؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ وہ کوٹلی لوہاراں ضلع سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ ساحرؔ، عدمؔ ،جوشؔ اور فیضؔ سے بہت متاثر ہیں۔ ان کے کلام میں چاروں شعراکا رنگ اور اسلوب نظر آتا ہے۔ ان کا ابتدائی شعری کلام ماہنامہ’’گلِ رو‘‘ کراچی میں شائع ہوا۔ آپ ترقی پسند تحریک سے بھی منسلک رہے۔ (۹۶۹) ان کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’نویدِ سحر‘‘ ۱۹۹۵ء میں شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’اجاڑ جنگل اداس موسم‘‘ ادارہ تخلیقات لاہور نے ۱۹۹۹ء میں شائع کیا ۔ تین شعری مجموعوں کے مسودے راقم الحروف نے انٹر ویو کے دوران ان کے پاس دیکھے جن کے نام ان دنوں زیر غور تھے۔

امتیاز اوجھلؔ غزل کے شاعر ہیں لیکن انھوں نے دیگر اصناف سخن میں طبع آزمائی بھی کی ہے۔ امتیاز انقلابی اور مزاحمتی شاعر ہیں۔ ان کی شاعری میں قدیم روایات سے بغاوت نظر آتی ہے۔ روشن خیالی کا اچھوتا پن ان کی شاعری میں بدرجہ اتم موجود ہے ان کی شاعری میں فکری گہرائی، حیاتِ تازہ کی طرف بلانے والی رہنمائی ،ہوش و خرد میں لپٹے ہوئے جذبوں کا والہانہ اظہار اور فرسودہ معاشرتی طرزِ زندگی پر ایک تعمیری ،مـثبت اور تنقیدی تبصرہ ملتا ہے جو تاریک اور خاموش سناٹوں میں لہراتی ہوئی روشنی کی گونج دار لکیر کی طرح اپنے وجود کا منظر پیش کرتا ہے۔آپ لفظوں کی نئی نئی ترکیبیں ،بندشیں اور استعارے اپنے من چاہے روپ میں ترتیب دیتے ہیں۔ فکری شاعری میں فلسفہ اور جدید سائنس کے متعلقہ پہلوؤں کو نظم کرنا خاصا مشکل مرحلہ لگتا ہے۔ اس کوشش میں امتیازاوجھلؔ کی یہ کوشش اردو شاعری میں ایک قیمتی اور درخشندہ اضافہ سے کم نہیں۔وہ جدید فلسفے کاایک اہم اور مشکل موضوع جدلیاتی مادیت اپنی شاعری میں بڑے خوبصورت انداز میں نظم کرتے ہیں:

سکون ہے نہ...

التماسك النصي وعلاقته بالنص القرآني دراسة نظرية في ضوء التراث النقدي والبلاغي

The concept of cohesion is not only a semantics one that exists within the meaning of text; it refers to grammatical relations of the Text The concept of cohesion is not only a semantics one that exists within the meaning of text; it refers to grammatical relations of the Text that exist within surface structure of the text, and that define it as a text. That is why the study of cohesion is important in text linguistics, especially in the Text of holy Qur‘ān.  Therefore the ancient researchers have chosen it in different ways in the Qur‘ānic textual analysis. The ancient Arab started the study of Cohesion to prove the Qur‘ānic text as “Mojza” and “ijaaz” because of its organization and arrangement of text according the “Nazem” “Insijaam” “Ittisaaq” “Iltehaam” and many others. The English term that substitutes these terms is just Cohesion and Coherence. So we can say that the Arab was doing well about the discourse/textual analysis of the texts, especially the Qur‘ānic textual cohesion was their main goal. This research work differ from previous works in many aspects, while  the researcher focuses on the concept of cohesion and its various aspects, particularly in terms of the cohesion and coherence in Arabic Language in the light of Qur‘ānic text. That exist within surface structure of the text, and that define it as a text. That is why the study of cohesion is important in text linguistics, especially in the Text of holy Qur‘ān.  Therefore the ancient researchers have chosen it in different ways in the Qur‘ānic textual analysis. The ancient Arab started the study of Cohesion to prove the Qur‘ānic text as “Mojza” and “ijaaz” because of its organization and arrangement of text according the “Nazem” “Insijaam” “Ittisaaq” “Iltehaam” and many others. The English term that substitutes these terms is just Cohesion and Coherence. So we can say that the Arab was doing well about the discourse/textual analysis of the texts, especially the Qur‘ānic textual cohesion was their main goal. This research work differ from previous works in many aspects, while  the researcher focuses on the concept of cohesion and its various aspects, particularly in terms of the cohesion and coherence in Arabic Language in the light of Qur‘ānic text.

Exploration of Flora of District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The research work aim to explore the flora of Bannu and get information and report the ethnobotanical knowledge of prevalent medicinal flora of the districtBannu and the adjoining area of FR-Bannu area in 2013-15. As a whole about 400 plant species belonging to 271 genera 90 families were collected, and conserved in Herbarium of Botany Department U.S.T, Bannu.The plants were collected from different villages, and organized alphabetically after identication, along with their botanical, English, local and family names, explanations, part used, flowering period, chemicals constituents, methods of applications of their parts and medicinal importance. Most of the plants reported here were wild some were cultivated. While other were wild as well as cultivated plants withe medicinal values. Similarly large number of plants were used asfodder, fuel, wood for furniture and also as making of ropes. There were found plants with edible fruits e.g. Mangifera indica, Pyrus malus etc. Several plants were classified as ornamental flora while some were of use as fencing and hedging.Out of400 collected flora 60 plants were observed as vegetables i.e. Lycopersicon esculentum, Allium cepa, Allium sativa, Brassica, Chenopodium, Solanum, Cucurbita,Capsicum, Mentha, Cucumis and Amaranthus whilst some plants are classified as cereal crops i.e. wheat, maize, oat and rice. In this way whole of the flora are classified as in various groups. Wild species (73), 4.0% Cultivated plants (45), 5.38% Ornamental plants (9),Indicator species (47) from 36 families (4.10%), Food values species (50) from 22 families(4.02%),. 48 Economically important flora (5.2%),Weed flora 186 plant species (45%), Poisonous plants (87) 54 genera(4.73%), Vegetables (60) plants species from 47 genera belonging to 26 families (13.58%),laticiferous plants 10 from 04 families( 02%), herbs (75%), shrubs (15%) and tree (10%),Aquatic plants (13%). fodder and forage species (14.75%), Fuel (7.3%), Fences (7.02%), Veterinary medicines (5.3%), Roof making (2.13%), furniture making (4.82%), Honeybees species (5.11%), while(1.77%) species considered to be sacred by locals, toothbrushing species (1.77%), basket making species (1.18%), sweeper making species (1.18%), carpet making species (1.18%), condiments and spices (2.25%), cricket bat making species (1.18%), (1.18%) species used after mehindi, soil binder species (3.10%), green tea species (0.59%), dye making species (0.59%) and (0.59%) chewing gum species. Most of the plants belong to the following families Poaceae (45.349%) having 27 genera (10.588%) and 39 species (10.076%), followed by Asteraceae (33.721%) with 22 genera (8.627%) and 29 species (7.494%),Papilionaceae (33.721%) 15 genera (5.882%) 29 species (7.494%), Solanaceae (26.744%) 11 genera (4.314%) 23 species (5.943%) Brassicaceae (22.093%) 11 genera (4.314%) 19 species (4.910%), Euphorbiaceae (17.442%) 6 genera (2.353%) 15 species (3.876%), Polygonaceae (16.279%) 5 genera (1.961%) 14 species (3.618%),Amaranthaceae (1516.1%) 7 genera (2.745%) 13 (3.359%), Apiacea (13.953%) 12 genera (4.706%) 12 species (3.101%), Rosaceae (11.628%) 5 genera (1.961%) 10 species (2.584%), Boraginaceae (10.465%) 6 genera (2.353%) 9 species (2.326%), Cucurbitacae (10.465%) 6 genera (2.353%) 9 species (2.326%) , Cyperaceae (9.302%) 5 genera (1.961%) 8 species (2.067%), Malvaceae (9.302%) 6 genera (2.353%) 8 species (2.067%), Lamiaceae (8.140%) 6 genera (2.353%) 7 species (1.809%), Moraceae (8.140%) 3 genera (1.176%) 7 species (1.809%), Myrtaceae (6.977%) 6 genera (2.353%) 6 species (1.550%),Apocynaceae and Liliaceae (5.814%) 4 genera (1.569%) 5 species (1.292%), and Caryophyllaceae (5.814%) with 3 genera (1.176%) 5 species (1.292%). Other important families were Ranunculaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Plantaginaceae (5.814%) having 2 genera (0.784%) and 5 species (1.292%) each, Potamogetonaceae (5.814%) with 1 genus (0.392%) and 5 species (1.292%), Convolvulaceae (4.651%) 2 genera (0.784) 4 species (1.034%), Juncaceae (4.651%) 1 genus (0.392%) 4 species (1.034%), Verbenaceae (4.651%) 3 (1.176%) 4 species (1.034%), Nyctaginaceae and Gentianaceae (3.488%)with 3 genera (1.176%)and 3 species (0.775%) each, Mimosaceae and Zygophyllaceae (3.488%) Both having 2 genera (0.784%) 3 species (0.775%), Rhamnaceae (3.488%) and Rutaceae (3.488%) each one have 1 genus (0.392%) and 3 species (0.775%). Similarly Alismataceae,Caesalpiniaceae,Cupressaceae,Hydrocharitaceae,Papaveraceae and Scrophulariaceae (2.326%) contributed 2 Genera (0.784%) and2 species (0.517%) each, while Cactaceae,Equisetaceae,Fumariaceae, Salicaceae, Taxaceae and Typhaceae (2.326%) have 1 genus (0.392%) and 2 species (0.517%) each. The remaining families, Agavaceae, Aizoaceae, Amaryllidaceae Anacardiaceae, Araceae, Aristolochiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Asphodelaceae, Aspidiaceae, Begoniaceae, Bignoniaceae, Cannabinaceae, Capparidaceae, Combretaceae, Crassulaceae, Cuscutaceae, Cycadaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Fagaceae, Iridaceae, Linaceae, Magnoliaceae, Meliaceae, Oleaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Oxalidaceae, Piperaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Punicaceae, Resedaceae, Rubiaceae,Salvadoraceae, Sapindaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tamaricaceae, Tiliaceae, Urticaceae, Vitaceaehaving family percentage (1.163%) with 1 genus(0.392%) and 1 species(0.258%) each.So for as the important genera contributing more species are concerned it was reported that 73 familieshave more than 2 genera with total contribution of201 species, for instance Euphorbiaceaeand Polygonaceaewere at the top withgenera likeEuphorbia and Polygonum respectively with 9 species (3.529%) having a percentage of (12.329%) in top 73 genera of district Bannu. Other important genera were Brassica with6 (8.219%)species (2.353),Lathyrus, Potamogeton, Solanum with 5 (6.850) having a percentage of 1.961 Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Jancus, Ranunculus, Prunus, Datura, having 4 (5.480) having a percentage of 1.569 Achyranthes, Carthamus, Heliotropium, Cyperus, Hibiscus, Ficcus, Morus, Astragalus, Melilotus, Medicago, Plantago,Lolium, Ziziphus, Rosa, Citrus andPhysalis with 3 (4.110) species each having a percentage of 1.176. while Alternanthera, Nerium, Calendula, Eclipta, Launaea, Sonchus, Taraxacum, Nonea, Neslia, Raphanus, Silene, Spergula, Opuntia, Ipomoea, Convolvulus, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Fimbristylis, Equisetum, Jatropha, Fumaria,Mentha, Ocimum, Allium, Acacia, Trifolium,Veronica, Alopecurus,Aristida,Avena,Echinochloa, Hordeum,Phragmites, Poa,Sorghum, Rumex, Salix, Cestrum,Nicotiana, Withania, Taxus, Typha, Vitex and Fagonia having 2species (2.740%) having a percentage of 0.784. While the remaining 13 famlies have one genus with single species each. The present study also deals with poisonous plants of the area, in which 87 poisonous spp of plants belonging to 54 genera were reported. Important genera reported were Brassica 6 species (11.11%), Lathyrus 5 spp(9.26%),Euphorbia and Astragalus were with 4 spp with 7.40%. Ranunculus, Jatropha, Solanum, Sorghum and Datura were with 3 spp (5.56%) while Taxus, Melilotus, Chenopodium, Amaranthus and Allium have 2 spp (3.70%) each. These 15 genera contribute 48 species (55.17 %) while the 39 genera has single species each and contribute 44.83% to the total poisonous flora of the research area. Other plants were Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium L., D. metel L., Jatropha curcas, Taraxacum officinale, Taxus baccata L., and Xanthium strumarium. In the present study the genetic diversity of the species in relation to their stem, leaves, root, flower, inflorescence, calyx. Chaorlla, androcium, gynoecium, fruit and seed of the local flora of Bannu and FR Banuu were also studied, it was found that the most common color are grey, brown and milky. The researcher has also noticed great diversity in vegetative and reproductive characteristics of the local flora.
Supervisor