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توانائی اور ملکی ترقی

توانائی اورملکی ترقی
توانائی سے مرادطاقت ہے، اور پوری عالمی تاریخ اس بات کی گواہ ہے کہ قوم اس وقت تک ترقی کی منازل طے نہیں کرسکتی جب تک وہ اپنے جسم و جاں میں قوت پیدا نہ کرے کیونکہ حرکت میں برکت ہے اور حرکت کے لیے توانائی کی ضرورت ہے۔ دنیا کا کوئی ادنیٰ سے ادنیٰ کام بھی اس وقت تک پایۂ تکمیل تک نہیں پہنچ سکتا جب تک اس کے لیے مناسب قوت اور طاقت فراہم نہ کی جائے۔ آنکھ کے جھپکنے سے لے کر پہاڑ سے دودھ کی نہر نکا لنے تک جملہ امور بغیر طاقت اور توانائی کے سرانجام نہیں دیے جا سکے۔
ملکی ترقی سے مراد پاکستان کی ترقی ہے، پاکستان ہمارا وطن ہے، پاکستان ہمارا دیس ہے، پاکستان ہماری آن ہے، اور اسی سے ہی ہماری شان ہے، اس کی آن ، بان اور شان ایسی صورت میں برقرار رکھی جاسکتی ہے کہ شب و روز ایک کر کے اس کی تعمیر وترقی میں ہر ایک’’ ہرکس بقدر،ہمّت اوست‘‘ کے تحت اپنا اپنا حصہ شامل کرے، معلم ہے تو وہ طلباء کو زیورِ تعلیم سے آراستہ کر کے اس کی تعمیر وترقی میں حصہ لے، متعلم ہے تو وہ اپنے آپ کو مطالعہ کے لیے وقف کر کے اس کی ترقی کے لیے توانائی کے اسباب بہم پہنچائے۔ کیونکہ توانائی کوئی ایسی غیر مرئی چیز نہیں ہے کہ انسان کو علم بھی نہ ہو اور ملک ترقی کرتا جائے۔ توانائی اور عوام النّاس لازم وملزوم ہیں۔ انسان کا ہاتھ حرکت کرے تو توانائی پیدا ہوتی ہے۔ انسان کا دماغ حرکت کرے اور توانائی کی پیداوار میں اپنااپنا حصہ شامل کرے تو توانائی کی پیداوار میں اضافہ شروع ہو جا تا ہے۔ پاکستان کو ترقی یافتہ بنانے کے لیے بڑے بڑے دماغ جب حرکت میں آتے ہیں تو مختلف شعبوں میں...

أجمل الصور في تناسق الآيات والسور

The most beautiful pictures in coordination of Chapters in the Holy Qur’ān. In this research I talk about the coordination in Holy Qur’ān  Chapters, so as to each Chapters contains a specific purpose that its Qur’ān ic verses want to achieve it, and we don’t see any difference or inconsistency. In order to achieve this purpose. I make an analytic study for one chapter in holy Qur’ān.I gathered the declarations of the explainers of, after that I give all my effort to show the coordination between them.

Genetic Studies on Yield and Yield Related Traits in Wheat under Normal and Water Stress Conditions

Six wheat cultivars/lines viz; Baviacore, Nesser, 9247, 9252, 9258 and 9267 were crossed following complete diallel technique. The seed of F 1 crosses and parents was planted in the experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Planting was done under normal and water stress conditions following randomized complete block design with three replications in both of the cases. The data was recorded on ten guarded plants tagged for the purpose for each parent and cross in each replication under both of the conditions. The traits like plant height, peduncle length, specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, stomatal frequency (upper flag leaf surface), size of stomata, days to heading, number of spikes per plant, spike density, number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were recorded on tagged plants in each replication. The recorded data were subjected to the analysis of variance technique to determine the genotypic differences for the traits which were exhibited highly significant under both of the water availability conditions. Combining ability and gene action analysis was carried out for all of the parameters studies. Significant change in the mean performance of all the characters was observed under the water stress condition. Additive gene action was obtained in the characters like plant height, peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density, and 100-grain weight when evaluation was made using Griffing’s approach while the characters like plant height, peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density, 100-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield was observed when calculations were done using Hayman’s approach under irrigated condition. Non-additive gene action was exhibited in the characters like specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index through the use of Griffing’s approach and over dominance in the characters like specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant and harvest index when Hayman’s approach was used for calculations under irrigated condition. The results under water stress conditions revealed that gene action exhibited in the characters like peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density and 100-grain weight was additive when Griffing’s approach for analysis was adopted while using the 1analysis though Hayman’s approach, additive gene action was shown by the characters like peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density, biological yield and grain yield. The characters like plant height, specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index gave non-additive gene action in Griffing’s approach and plant height, specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant, 100-grain weight and harvest exhibited over dominance in Hayman’s approach under water stress conditions. Similar gene action was shown by both calculations i.e. Griffing’s as well as Hayman’s approach for most of the characters under irrigated as well as water stress conditions except number of grains per spike, biological and grain yield under irrigated and biological and grain yield under water stress conditions. The difference of results might be due to the reason that means were used in calculation by the numerical approach while variances in graphical approach. Multi disciplinary approach involving plant breeding, genetics, biotechnology, physiology, soil and crop management for the development of water stress tolerant/ resistant genotypes in wheat, is suggested.
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