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ڈا کٹر محمد ایوب قادری

ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری
( شمس بدایونی )
ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری سے میری دیرینہ ملاقات تھی، جب جب کراچی جانے کا موقع ملا، وہ بہت ہی عزیزانہ طور پر ملے، ہر ملاقات میں پہلے سے زیادہ اپنی بھلمنساہت، شرافتِ طبع، عجز اور انکسار کا ثبوت دیتے، بہت سی کتابوں کے مصنف ہوئے، جیسا کہ حسب ذیل مضمون سے ظاہر ہوگا، ان کے قلم میں بڑی برق وشی تھی، کسی کتاب کو لکھنا یا ترجمہ کرنا شروع کرتے تو بڑی کم مدت میں یہ کام ختم کردیتے، وہ جس بلند مرتبہ کے مصنف تھے، اپنے عجز و انکسار کی بدولت اس سے اپنے کو کم ہی ظاہر کرتے، وہ اپنی ہر کتاب دارالمصنفین ضرور بھیجتے اور اس کو یہ راقم شوق سے پڑھتا، جب انھوں نے کراچی کے قیام میں شاہنواز خاں کی تصنیف مآثر الامراء کی تین جلدوں کے ترجمے ہدیہ کیے، تو یہ تینوں جلدیں میری میز پر برابر رہیں، اور جب کبھی ان میں سے کسی اقتباس کو اصل فارسی سے ملایا، تو ان کو ہر طرح صحیح، سلیس اور فصیح پایا، اس سے ترجمہ کرنے میں ان کی مہارت اور قدرت کا معترف ہوا، جب وہ طبقات اکبری کا ترجمہ کررہے تھے تو ان سے یہ گفتگو آئی کہ اکبرنامہ کا ترجمہ ایک انگریز نے انگریزی میں کردیا ہے، لیکن یہ بڑی ندامت اور شرم کی بات ہے کہ اب تک اس کا اردو میں ترجمہ نہیں ہوسکا، گویہ بہت مشکل کام ہے، لیکن جب اس کا ترجمہ انگریزی میں ہوسکتا ہے، تو کوئی وجہ نہیں کہ اردو میں نہ ہوسکے، جناب ایوب قادری صاحب نے کہا کہ طبقات اکبری کے ترجمہ کے بعد انشاء اﷲ اکبرنامہ کی جلدوں کا ترجمہ کرکے لوگوں کی ندامت کو دور کردوں گا، اس سے مجھ کو بڑی خوشی ہوئی، گزشتہ نومبر میں میرے قیام کراچی ہی...

تفسیر نجوم الفرقان کے فقہی طرز استدلال کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The jurisprudence is the essence of Islamic teachings. It is the summary of Qurʼān and the soul of Messenger’s (on whom be peace and greetings) sunnah. In general, it represents the sharīaʻh and the path to follow for Islamic lifestyle. Therefore, the significance of its importance is clear in Islamic Studies. The scholars have been kept solving ummah problems through religious principles and will keep solving the problems till the day of judgement. Whenever there arises a new problem, the scholars provide the solution in the lights of Qurʼān and Hadith and set the rules till the day of judgement. Allama ʻAbdul Razzāq Bhutrālwī also presented the solutions to different problem using the same principle i.e. He interprets a Quranic verse in such a way that provide the implied solution for paying ransom to poor against fasting for traveler and patient. Allama ʻAbdul Razzāq Bhutrālwī discussed about the permission for women to visit graveyard by following the orders of Prophet (on whom be peace and greetings), when it was prohibited for everyone to go to graveyards but later on the permission was granted for the same act. In the same way Allama ʻAbdul Razzāq Bhutrālwī presented his argument about the burning or sinking into the water or burying the shabby pages the Holy Qurʼān based on an order of Hazrat Uthman Ghani to burn all the copies of the Holy Qurʼān except Qurat-e-Quraish to bring uniformity

Development and Characterization of Limn 2 O 4 Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Spinel LiMn 2 O 4 is one of the most attractive positive electrode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. In the present study, six series of low content bi-metal doped LiMn 2 O 4 with nominal compositions of LiNi x Cr y Mn 2-x-y O 4 , LiLa x Zn y Mn 2-x-y O 4 , LiCu x Cr y Mn 2-x-y O 4 , LiCu x Zn y Mn 2-x-y O 4 , LiNi x Cu y Mn 2-x-y O 4 and LiNi x Zn y Mn 2-x-y O 4 (where x = y = 0.01-0.05) were prepared by the sol-gel method. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) confirmed the formation of the pure as well as the doped spinel LiMn 2 O 4 between 285 o C and 350 o C. However, well crystallized spinel phase verified from the X-ray diffraction studies was obtained at 750 o C. XRD measurements further confirmed that all the synthesized compounds crystallized as single phase products in the cubic spinel Fd3m space group. The results showed that doping LiMn 2 O 4 with such small amount of metals has not affected the original spinel structure. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) findings agreed the used nominal compositions. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) also confirmed the purity of all the synthesized samples. SEM and TEM images showed that unlike the pure LiMn 2 O 4 , all the doped samples exhibited uniform size with smooth faceted polyhedral particles. The average particle size ranges from about 42 nm to 250 nm. High resolution TEM images also demonstrated the highly crystalline nature of all the six doped series. Cyclic voltammetric studies indicated that all the synthesized samples showed two pairs of well-defined anodic and cathodic peaks at around 4.0 V that corresponded to the redox couple of Mn 3+ / Mn 4+ . However, for the doped samples, the oxidation and reduction peaks were much closer to each other. The peak current was increased and the peak width was narrowed, indicating the reduced polarization of the bi-metal doped LiMn 2 O 4 , resulting from the faster iiinsertion/ extraction of Li + ions into the spinel matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to have an insight about the synergetic effect of the bi-metal doping on the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn 2 O 4 . The Nyquist plots showed that the charge transfer resistance (R ct ) decreases upon doping with Ni-Cr, La-Zn, Cu-Cr, Cu-Zn, Ni-Cu and Ni- Zn. The observed faster kinetics of Li + ions is attributed to the enhanced conductivities of the doped samples. Galvanostatic charge/ discharge measurements performed between 3.0 and 4.8 V for all the samples showed two plateaus around 4.0 V and 4.1 V vs. Li/ Li + that clearly demonstrated that insertion/ extraction of Li + ions takes place in two steps. The improved cycling performance of all the doped samples over the investigated 100 charge/ discharge cycles indicated that low content bi-metal doping has stabilized the spinel LiMn 2 O 4 structure by suppressing Jahn- Teller distortion. Rate capability of the pure and doped samples was also evaluated. The cells for each material were charged to 4.8 V at constant low current rate (0.1 C) and discharged to 3.0 V at 0.1 C, 0.3 C, 0.5 C, 1 C, 2 C, and 5 C, respectively. Compared to the pure LiMn 2 O 4 which retained only 41% of the initial discharge capacity when cycled at high current rate of 5 C, the capacity retention at 5 C for the Ni-Cr, La-Zn, Cu-Cr, Cu-Zn, Ni-Cu and Ni-Zn doped samples (x = y = 0.01) was 82%, 78%, 81%, 67%, 62%, and 58%, respectively. Among the various synthesized bi-metal doped series, samples with the lowest doping metal contents LiM 0.01 M'' 0.01 Mn 1.98 O 4 (where M and M'' are the various doping metal cations used in this study) appeared to be the best composition both in terms of the initial discharge capacity as well as the rate capability.
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