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بانیان مذاہب کا تقدس ، اسلامی اور سیکولر افکار کی روشنی میں تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ

Thesis Info

Author

حافظہ ام سلمیٰ

Supervisor

غلام شمس الرحمن

Department

شعبہ علوم اسلامیہ

Program

PhD

Institute

Bahauddin Zakariya University

Institute Type

Public

City

Multan

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Degree Starting Year

2013

Subject

Comparative Religion

Language

Urdu

Keywords

ادیان عالم
World religions

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709298167

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پتھر۔۔۔؟

پتھّر۔۔۔؟؟

میں تم کو پتھر سمجھا تھا
تنہائی میں اک دن میں نے
تم کو پتھر کہہ ڈالا تھا
بات یہ میری سُن کر پتھر
بہت برا وہ مان گئے تھے

پھر میں سمجھا ، پھر میں جانا
نرم بھی ہوتے ہیں کچھ پتھر
کیا کیا بیج اگاتے ہیں وہ
اُن کو پیڑ بناتے ہیں وہ
اُن پر پھول سجاتے ہیں وہ
اُن کا درد بٹاتے ہیں وہ

پتھر کا بھی دل ہوتا ہے
اُس کو بھی سبزہ بھاتا ہے
اب میں سمجھا اب میں جانا
نہیں مناسب تم کو کہنا
نہیں مناسب پتھر کہنا
کاش کہ تُو بھی پتھر ہوتا

دور جدید میں کرائے کی ماں (Surrogate Mothering) کا تصور اور اسلامی نقطہ نظر

Artificial insemination is a means of attaining pregnancy not involving sexual intercourse. A couple having trouble getting pregnant can benefit from the exact timing and placement of the sperm. It can overcome instances where a woman's immune system can reject her partner's sperm as invading molecules. In the case of an impotent male, donor sperm may be used. It is also a means for a woman to conceive when two women wish to parent a child, or a single woman does not have a male partner, when she does not want a male partner, or when a male partner's physical limitation impedes his ability to impregnate her by sexual intercourse. A relationship in which one woman bears and gives birth to a child for a person or a couple who then adopts or takes legal custody of the child; called Surrogate Motherhood. In surrogate motherhood, one woman acts as a surrogate, or replacement, mother for another woman, sometimes called the intended mother, who either cannot produce fertile eggs or cannot carry a pregnancy through to birth, or term. Surrogate mothering phenomena is prevailing all over the world now days especially in America and European countries. The first recognized surrogate mother arrangement was made in 1976. Surrogate mothering is also introducing in Islam in some extend but Islam has its own laws regarding each and every problem of life. This Article is a summary of all positive and negative aspects of said issue and a critical analysis of its implications according to the Islamic injunctions in modern era.

Improving Students Writing Skills Using Mind - Mapping Technique at Primary Level in a Private School in Karachi

In most of the Pakistani schools, it has been seen that there are inadequate practices for English language teaching and learning, particularly as relates to writing skills (Khan & Khan, 2016). Developing English Language writing skills requires teachers to be familiar with writing strategies that can facilitate students (Khan, 2011). In Pakistani schools, it seems that English language writing skills are neglected in classroom teaching because the English language teachers are not acquainted with the “new practices of teaching English language in general, and teaching of writing skills in particular” (Siddique, 2007, p. 20). The need to enhance effective writing skills in learners, therefore, requires introduction/ exposure to various writing strategies to teach writing skills in an interesting way (Omar, 2016). This study was conducted in the context of Karachi, Pakistan, to explore how mind-mapping technique can be used to help improve students’ writing skills of grade 3. It was a qualitative action research study carried out to design an action so as to attempt to bring a change. The data were collected in three main phases: reconnaissance phase, intervention phase and post-intervention phase. Data collection tools were pre and post-test, observations, focus group discussion, semi-structured interview and field notes. In the light of data analysis of the reconnaissance phase, there were several problems identified as they related to students’ ability to generate, organize and independently write on a given topic. One of the important tools to support learners in this regard is to use pre-writing strategies in writing tasks (Buzan, 2002). In addition, pre-writing strategies can help to boost students’ motivation and engagement with writing and develop them as independent writers (Keen, 2017). Based on the reconnaissance findings, I planned an intervention and conducted three teaching cycles on teaching students mind mapping and how to use their mind map to produce independent texts. The study outcomes suggest that students’ exposure to a pre-writing strategy such as mind-mapping technique did help to improve students’ writing skills. The study participants were able to think, generate and organize their information about a given topic. Study outcomes also reveal that the use of mind maps seemed to boost students’ motivation, their engagement with writing seemed to increase and they were able to function as independent writers. Therefore, this suggests that using a pre-writing strategy such as mind-mapping technique can support learners in improving their writing skills.