آہ ناموسِ شریعت و قاموسِ علم
[مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی]
وا دریغا!آج قلم کو اس ذات گرامی کامرثیہ لکھنا ہے جس کاقلم عمر بھر قرآن و حدیث کے اسرار و حکم کے کشف وتحقیق میں گُہرافشانی کرتارہا۔آج زبان خامہ کو اُس کی ماتم سرائی کافرض انجام دیناہے جوزندگی بھر ملت بیضا کی جراحتوں کے لیے مرہم رسانی کی فکر میں لگارہا۔جس کی زبان قرآن کی ترجمان تھی اورجس کا نطق نوامیس شریعت کابیان۔حضرت الاستاذ مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی ؒکاسانحۂ وفات اگرچہ ’’وطن سے دور‘‘ پیش آیا لیکن الحمد ﷲ کہ دیارغیر میں نہیں جہاں غالب کے بقول بے کسی کی شرم کے رہ جانے کی تمنا ہوتی۔بے شمار فرزندان توحید نے نماز جنازہ پڑھی اوریہ اس بات کا ثبوت ہے کہ جو بذات خودایک انجمن ہو وہ وطن سے دور رہ کر بھی تنہا نہیں ہوتا۔وہ جہاں بیٹھتا ہے اپنی دنیا آپ پیدا کر لیتا ہے۔
دیوبند اگرچہ ایک چھوٹا ساقصبہ ہے لیکن مقامی اعتبار سے یہاں کے تین خاندانوں نے اس کو ہندوستان کے آسمان شہرت پرآفتاب وماہتاب بنا کر چمکایا اور اسے مرزوبوم کی کلاہ افتخار کاکوہ نوربنادیا۔ایک مولانا نانوتوی کاخاندان جن کے فرزند ارجمند حضرت حافظ محمد احمد صاحب مرحوم تھے، دوسرامولانا ذوالفقار علی مرحوم کاخاندان جس کے گل سرسبد حضرت شیخ الہند تھے اور تیسرا خاندان مولانا فضل الرحمن صاحب عثمانی مرحوم کا تھاجن کے دوصاحبزادے عارف عصر و شیخ طریقت حضرت مولانا مفتی عزیز الرحمن صاحب ؒاورعربی کے بہترین ادیب اور فطری شاعرمولانا حبیب الرحمن صاحب عثمانی ؒعہد حاضر کے اکابر علماوفضلا تھے۔ حضرت الاستاذ مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی اسی خاندان کے لعل شب چراغ اورمولانا فضل الرحمن صاحب کے فرزند ارجمند تھے۔
حضرت الاستاذ ماہ محرم۱۳۰۵ھ میں دیوبند میں پیداہوئے اس و قت آپ کے والد ماجد ضلع بجنور میں انسپکٹر مدارس کے عہدہ پرمامور تھے۔ تعلیم دارالعلوم دیوبند میں...
Artisanal fishing is carried out in the coastal villages of Karachi. Through centuries, these fishing villages have maintained their traditional practices of fishing. Shams Pir Island is in vicinity of Karachi coast. The main occupation of islanders is artisanal fishing which is extremely threatened by various factors. Historically, in coastal communities of Karachi, women were part of fishing and its related activities. With the decline in traditional fishing methods, females have been withdrawn from fishing work. Implications of this process have been drastic for fishing households such as increased poverty, unemployment, environmental degradation etc. The research is conducted to highlight these problems especially from gender perspective. It is exclusively based on females of Shams Pir Island. Female’s socio-economic conditions, family status, perceptions on different contemporary issues pertaining to the endangered livelihood of their family and its relation with environmental changes is investigated in particular. In total, sixty women representing fishing households, few community leaders and representatives of fisher folk’s NGO were interviewed. The results emphasized the livelihood issues of females and their perceptions on environment and climate change. The vulnerabilities of females in fishing communities have been discussed in detail. ______
Exhaust emission control, especially in case of diesel engines, is a challenging re search problem as the emission regulating authorities place stringent protocols against emissions. The air management system of a diesel engine, that is fit ted with Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) actuators, is among the sub-systems, whose effective control ensures that emissions are kept to minimum. Both EGR and VGT sub-systems are located in the engine exhaust channel, hence, they are strongly coupled and exposed to high temperatures, un-burnt hydrocarbons and lubricants and thus prone to faults/cho king. One way to increase tolerance against faults is to have redundancy. Diesel engines do not have high number of identical actuators to preserve satisfactory operation, but, still have prospects for enhancing the reliability of these control loops by constructing algorithms, that are capable of performing online detection, diagnosis, estimation and compensation of faults. This research investigates the possible options for development of Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) schemes for coordinated control of air management system actuators of diesel engine. The dynamic nature of a control system and real time environment of Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) and controller re-configuration requires FTC system to be capable of detecting, identifying and accommodating the faults as swiftly as pos sible. To meet the purpose, unified and systematic design techniques need to be developed to guarantee swift integration of FDI and FTC schemes, such that, the faults are handled in an early design phase by extending the control system with additional modules, i.e., FDI module. The model used in this research is a fully validated industrial scale Mean Value Model of a diesel engine that is equipped with VGT and EGR actuators. It has eight states and three control inputs. Two types of approaches i.e., passive FTC and unified FDI and FTC with further two algorithms of each have been proposed based on the sliding mode framework. The simulation results have shown that the proposed controllers can comfortably meet strict emission regulations even in the event of system faults. Specially fault de tection, estimation and compensation capability of unified approaches give them an edge over passive schemes.