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A Wcet Analysis Method for Pipelined Microprocessors With Cache Memories

Thesis Info

Author

Lundqvist, Thomas

Institute

University of Utah

Institute Type

Public

City

Salt Lake City

Country

Sweden

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

viii, 160 . Pb, ill.; diagrs.; tabs.

Subject

Engineering

Language

English

Other

Call No: 629.895416 L 96 W

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712402331

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آزاد

  آزاد

سکندر عباسی

لوگ اسے مینٹل کیس کہہ کر بلاتے تھے۔، کیونکہ اس کا مزاج کسی سے بھی نھیں ملتا تھا۔ وہ بھیڑ میں بھی تنھا رہتا تھا۔ اس کی عادتیں عجیب تھیں۔ اس کی سوچ سماجی سانچے میں ڈھل نھیں پاتی تھی۔ اس کے خیالات بنا پروں کے پرواز رکھتے تھے۔ اس کا طرز حیات عام دنیا سے ہٹ کے تھا۔ دنیا سے باغی دماغ میں وہ انیک سوالوں کے انبار لیٸے پھرتا تھا۔ اس کی سوچوں کے سمندر میں الجھے الجھے سوالات سیپیوں کی مانند چمکتے رہتے تھے جو اسے ہمہ وقت بے سکون رکھتے تھے۔ گھر والوں نے اس کا نام تو کچھ اور ہی رکھا تھا مگر وہ خود کو آزاد کہلواتا تھا۔ یہ ہی وجہ تھی کہ وہ آزاد کے نام سے بدنام تھا کیونکہ لوگ اس کا ذکر مضحکہ خیز انداز میں کرتے تھے۔

آزاد کو بے ترتیبی سے عشق تھا جسکو وہ اپنے لیٸے آ کسیجن گردانتا تھا۔ اس کو خوف تھا کہ اگر یہ بے ترتیبی اس کی زندگی سے بیدخل ہوٸی تو اس کا کی سانسوں کی ڈور ٹوٹ جاٸیگی۔ اسی باعث آزاد کی حیات کا ہر ایک صفحہ بے ترتیب اور بکھرا ہوا تھا۔ اس کے خواب بلکل ایسے معصوم تھے جیسے پرندوں کے خواب ہوتے ہیں۔ وہ قید سے کتراتا تھا، غلامی سے اسے سخت نفرت تھی ، پابندیاں اس کو پسند نھیں تھیں .

آزاد کبھی بھی استری کئے ہوئے  کپڑے نھیں پہنتا تھا ، شکن آلود کپڑے اسے زندگی کی علامت محسوس ہوتے تھے۔ وہ کبھی بالوں کو کنگھی نھیں کرتا تھا اس کے خشک اور بکھرے ہوٸے بال اس کے خیالوں کی طرح ہر قید و بند آزاد تھے۔جدید زمانے میں بھی اس کے پاس موباٸیل فون نھیں...

تفسیر‘‘محاسن التاویل’’ میں جلال الدین قاسمی کے منہج کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Brought up in the context of a very critical time of Islamic history, Imām Muḥammad Jalāl’uddīn Qāsimī (1866-1914) played a vital role to reform and purify the ongoing mindset of the Muslims in Syria in his time. He was a man believed in an independent thinking in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. He taught the people to get rid of the backwardness and blind imitation (Taqlīd). For this purpose of his, he presented the works of the previous leading Islamic Scholars as they were. He was expert in various fields of knowledge like Qur’ān, Ḥadīth and their Sciences, Jurisprudence, Dialectic, etc. One of his masterpieces is his exegesis known as “Maḥāsin al-Tāwīl”. It is a great exegetical work; as most of the exegetical aspects are entertained in it. It has nine or seventeen volumes according to its two different editions, including a whole volume of preamble containing eleven Rules of Quranic Sciences. Although the critics object to his copying the long paragraphs of the prominent Islamic Scholars without commenting or editing and on his long discussions that deviate the reader from the actual purpose of the Holy Qur’ān, but to present the material in this way for the purpose of reformations of Muslims and to bring them back to the way of Salaf through their words, in that crucial time, justifies the significance of the work. In this article, the author probes to present the mythology adopted by Imām Qāsimī in his exegesis and its scholarly merits.

Evaluation of Tomato Lycopericon Esculentum Mill. Germplasm 26-Cultivars Using Morpho-Molecular and Biochemical Techniques

Twenty-six genotypes of tomato were characterized on the basis of morphological, biochemical and molecular characters for their drought tolerance level and yield potential. Drought is one of the most important limiting factors for agricultural crops and vegetable production. To assess the effect of drought stress on the growth and yield of tomato a pot experiment was conducted in green house conditions at Garri Dopatta, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Twenty-six genotypes of tomato were evaluated for morphological characters. They were subjected to drought stress during vegetative growth by using Poly ethylene glycol (PEG-6000) at different concentrations ranging from, 0 percent (control), 5 percent, 7.5 percent, 10 percent and 12.5 percents. The Morphological parameters compared were number of branches, number of leaves, Plant height, internodal distance, number of flowers, number of trusses, number of fruits, root length, root diameter. Polyethylene glycol showed significant effect on the production of number of branches. The maximum number of branches were recorded at control leading to minimum were at highest level of the drought. Maximum number of branches (10.667) at control and 2 at 12.5 percent PEG were found in genotype G19289. Plant height data also indicated that drought stress adversely affect the plant height. The maximum plant height 184 cm was recorded in genotype 19289 at control and 70 cm at 12.5 percent PEG. Similar trends in number of leaves and number of flowers were recorded. The number of fruits were also recorded and showed the similar pattern. The internodal distance decreased with the decreasing plant height. The number of trusses, the root length and root diameter also indicated the similar trend. However root length was better in genotype 19219 and its diameter was xi higher in genotype 88572. Genotype 19289 proved to be the best performing under drought stress compared with other genotypes. Different biochemical tests were also applied to assess the drought tolerance level of the tomato genotypes which includes antioxidant activities, proline contents, total phenolics and flavonoids. The reducing and non-reducing sugar contents were also determined in different tomato genotypes. Biotic and abiotic stresses make changes in natural physiological performance and capabilities of the plants and cause serious damages. Drought is an important stress which inhibits full use of genetic potentials in agricultural crops and reduces the yield. Antioxidants are important constituents of the plants that protect the organisms from injuries during oxidative stress. The DPPH free radical is commonly used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of antioxidants produced during oxidative stress. A pot experiment in green house conditions was conducted to evaluate the effect of PEG induced drought on the antioxidant activity of different genotypes of tomato. The maximum antioxidant activity 53.046 percent is shown by the G-21-006234 at 25 μl sample and with the increase in the sample concentration to 500 μl the antioxidant activity is also increased up to 71.54 percent. By increasing the PEG concentration the antioxidant activity shows decline. The genotype G-21-00643 showed 21.189 percent at maximum level of drought induced by the PEG. The genotype G- 31- 19289 was found to be the best for producing the antioxidant activity. This genotype showed 52.424 at 25 μl sample with control PEG concentration and 39.210 percent at 12.5 percent PEG concentration. The 39.210 percent is the highest among the other genotypes at same xii concentration of the PEG 12.5 percent. The genotype G- 31- 19289 was found to be the best among the studied genotype showing highest antioxidant activity. The leaf extract was used to quantify the proline contents. The proline contents in all the genotypes of tomato are increased by increasing the drought stress induced by application of PEG. The maximum proline contents was observed by G 45 19212 which is 54.5 mg/g and minimum was observed in the 32.9 mg/g at 12 percent PEG. The maximum proline contents 20. 7 mg/g at control was observed in G 31 00623 and minimum 16. 5 mg/g was observed in the G 8 19219. The proline contents showed regular increasing behavior with increasing the concentration of PEG. All the genotypes showed an increase but the increase with in genotypes was different when compared to control. In the present study the phenolic contents decreased as by increasing the concentration of PEG. The maximum phenolic contents 60 μg / g were observed in the genotype G 19896 and minimum 5 μg / g were recorded in the G 19219 at control (without PEG). All the genotypes with the exception of G10593 and G 19289 show continuous decline in phenolic contents as by increasing the PEG concentration. The maximum phenolic contents were produced by G 08527 at highest level of PEG 12.5 percent and minimum were recorded in G19219. The results indicated that flavonoid contents decreased by increasing the concentration of polyethylene glycol. The maximum flavonoid contents 12μg /g were observed in the genotype G 19896 and minimum 4 μg /g by G 10593 at control (without PEG). By increasing the PEG concentration the flavonoid contents were decreased. All the genotypes show the same behavior of decreasing the flavonoid contents as xiii increasing the PEG concentration. G 19289 showed a constant flavonoid contents as by increasing the PEG concentration. The reducing sugars showed the non significant behavior in different tomato genotypes. The non-reducing sugars showed different results in different genotypes. Twenty-six genotypes of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fingerprinted with 30 SSR markers by using PCR. Nei’s genetic distances for SSR markers, data was calculated and relation matrix between genotypes shown graphically in the form of a dendrogram. All 26 tomato genotypes showed genetic distances of 1.0-2.20 between them. A smallest genetic distance was recorded 0.2 between genotypes G 17909, G 17904 and G 21 006234, G12 0852, G7 88572 G32 19233, G28 17903, G12 17806 indicating closer relationship between the genotypes. The most distant accessions were G7 1059 and G45 19212. The marker (SSR) based fingerprints will assist for their future potential in crop improvement.