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Att Organisera Forandring

Thesis Info

Author

Olsson, Bertil

Department

Sektionen for Arkitektur, Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

Institute Type

Public

City

Goteborg

Country

Sweden

Thesis Completing Year

2004

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

173 P.B;ill.

Subject

Management & Auxiliary Services

Language

English

Other

Thesis (Ph.D.) -Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, 2004; Call No: 658.406 O 8 A

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712601572

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دیباچہ

دیباچہ
اللہ کے نام سے ابتداکرتا ہوں جو نہایت مہربان ،نہایت رحم کرنے والا ہے۔ تمام تعریفیں اللہ کی بابرکت ذات کے لیے ہیں جو لائقِ حمد وثنا ہے اور درودو سلام آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم اور آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی آل پر جن کے صدقے مجھ حقیر کو موقع ملا کہ ’’ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی علمی و ادبی خدمات‘‘ پر تحقیق کر سکوں ۔اللہ تعالیٰ نے اس تحقیقی کام کوتکمیل آشنا کرنے کی توفیق عطا فرمائی،اس لیے اس پاک ذات کا جتنا بھی شکرادا کروں کم ہے۔ اُسی ذات نے دورانِ تحقیق آنے والی مشکلات کو دور کیا۔
رفاہ انٹرنیشنل یونی ورسٹی فیصل آباد کیمپس میں جن محنتی ، لائق اساتذہ کی سرپرستی میں کام کرنے کا موقع ملا؛ اُن میں ڈاکٹر آنسہ اعوان، ڈاکٹر منظور احمد طاہر، ڈاکٹر آصف اعوان ، ڈاکٹر جمیل اصغر، اخلاق حیدر آبادی اور فاروق بیگ کے نام نمایاں ہیں۔ انھیں ہستیوں کی شفقت کی بدولت طلبا میں علم کی شمع روشن ہے۔
ڈاکٹرشہزاداحمد شعبہ نعت کے نامور محقق ہیں،اس لیے میں نے اس موضوع کو مبارک خیال کرتے ہوئے کام کرنے کاارادہ کرلیا۔اس کے بعد کے مراحل میں میرے اُستادفاروق بیگ نے میری بھرپور راہنمائی فرمائی۔
میرا یہ مقالہ پانچ ابواب پر مشتمل ہے ۔ ’’ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد: احوال و آثار‘‘میں موصوف کے نجی احوال ، نعتیہ خدمات، تخلیقات اور شخصیت کے نمایاں پہلوئوں کا احاطہ کیا گیا ہے۔ باب دوم ـ’’ شہزاداحمد بطور محقق و نقاد‘‘میں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کے پی ایچ ڈی کے مقالے ’’اُردو نعت پاکستان میں‘‘ کا تحقیقی جائزہ پیش کیا ہے اس کے بعد اُن کے مضامین میں رنگِ تنقید کو نمایاں کرنے کی سعی کی گئی ہے۔ باب سوم’’ڈاکٹر شہزاداحمدبطور مدون ومدیر ‘‘میں اُن کی مرتب کردہ مختلف کلیات اور کتب کی روشنی میں بحیثیت مدون اُن...

Coverage of Women Issues in the Pakistan’s Press: A Critical Analysis

The aim of this research is to thoroughly analyze the part multilingual dailies play in covering women issues in Pakistan. It is rooted from national newspapers, the Daily ‘Dawn’, the Daily ‘Jang’ and the Daily ‘Kawish’ in the year of 2011. The study explores to what extent of the violence against women and education issue of women is dealt by the sampled dailies. The study employed content analysis a quantitative research methodology during 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011. The contents of the newspaper were measured in column per centimeter of the space of one year. For this research work three major dailies of three different languages, the Daily Dawn, the Daily Jang and the Daily Kawish were selected. In sum up, an elite class newspaper the Daily Dawn has published 562 very little issues of women and used 0.6 percent of the total capacity which is of 4353024 co./cm in the year of 2011. However, the Sindhi language newspaper, the Daily Kawish has used 2430 a little more issue of women and covered 2.3 percent of total capacity of 1678976 col./cm of this daily in 2011. To some extent, the Urdu language newspaper the Daily Jang has reported 1297 more number of women issues and used 1 percent of total capacity of 2423616 col./cm in one year. Hence, the result shows that Pakistani press gives a little bit space to issues of women rights. Although, the Daily Dawn and the Daily Kawish have reported more issues of violence against women but the Daily Jang (an Urdu language newspaper) has covered more education problems of women in its newspaper in the year of 2011.

Corporate Social Responsibility Measurement, and its Nexus With Earnings Management and Corporate Governance

Corporate Social Responsibility; Measurement, and its Nexus with Earning’s Management and Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) gained the tremendous popularity and considerable attention of the public, academicians, researchers, and policymakers during the last few decades. Firms involve in CSR activities to fulfil the expectations of stakeholders and in order to build healthy relationships with them. However, recent accounting scandals in giants of the business world like Enron, Xerox, and Toshiba etc. exposed the managerial discretion in reporting accounting numbers, which is termed as Earnings’ Management (EM).These scandals have asserted that firm’s insiders mislead the firm’s stakeholders through EM that raised serious questions about the firm’s CSR and CG because financial transparency is vital for firms’ socially responsible behavior and CG is accountable for the credibility of disclosed financial information. A significant part of current debate on CSR has typically focused on its relationship with the financial performance of firms while inadequate little literature is available on CSR and EM relationship. The present research investigates whether firms involvement in CSR is induced by the long-term perspective in order to satisfy their stakeholders oris it used as a strategic shield against managers’ opportunistic behavior such as EM practices (accrual and real) for thedeveloping economy of Pakistan. In addition, it has also taken into consideration the individual impact of the four mechanisms of CG including board structure, audit structure, compensation structure and ownership structure as well as the composite effect of CG by establishing its index on CSR of the firm. Moreover, effective internal audit system in a firm plays an effective role in disseminating more information about CSR activities. A multi-method approach has been applied to measure CSR and established CSR disclosure index and CSR spending ratio. The empirical analysis is done through simultaneous equation system of Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) method by using a panel data of 160 firms from 2008 to 2015. Overall results demonstrates the bidirectional and negative relationship among CSR and EM which is predominant and supports the long-term perspective. However, a positive relationship is also seen between accrual type of EM and CSR.With reference to CG and CSR relationship, findings reveal that large, diverse and more participative boards with less influence of the dual role of CEO reinforce the board effectiveness.This situation enables the corporate boards to direct the management effectively towards the implementation and execution of CSR activities and their disclosures. Compensation paid to CEO and executive’s personnel encourage them to act to the greatest advantage of not just shareholders but also stakeholders through increased participation in CSR activities and disclosing more information about them. Moreover, effective internal audit system in a firm plays an effective role in disseminating more information about CSR activities. The influence of external block holding, institutional, individual, associated companies, and insider ownership is very much positive on CSR disclosures of the firm. Contrary to this, ownership concentration, CEO and director''s ownership discourage the firm’s involvement in CSR activities. Finally, effective CG prevents the managers from exercising their opportunistic behavior of managing firm’s earnings by exploiting firm’s CSR activities. The current study also propos some implications for diverse stakeholders.