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Home > Error Analysis of L2 Writing at Higher Secondary Level [M. Phil Programme]

Error Analysis of L2 Writing at Higher Secondary Level [M. Phil Programme]

Thesis Info

Author

Zahoor Hussain

Supervisor

Zafar Iqbal

Department

Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University

Program

Mphil

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Multan

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2005

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

131 .

Subject

Linguistics

Language

English

Other

Report presented in part requirement for M. Phil in linguistics in BZU Multan Advisor : Zafar Iqbal; EN; Call No: TP 411 ZAH-E

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676712863796

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صحت مند رویے صحت مند معاشرہ

صحت مند رویّے صحت مند معاشرہ
نحمدہ و نصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
صدر ِمحترم اور معزز سامعین! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’صحت مند رویے صحت مند معاشرہ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
ہر ایک کی خواہش ہوتی ہے کہ وہ ایک معیاری زندگی گزارے، ایسی زندگی جس میں مسرتوں اور خوشیوں کے سوا اور کچھ نہ ہو، ایسی زندگی جو پریشانیوں اور مصیبتوں سے کوسوں دور ہو، ایسی زندگی جس میں انسان کے محبت اور پیار کا وافر سامان موجود ہو، ایسی زندگی جس کو دیکھ کر رشک کیا جائے۔
صدرِمحترم!
اس خواہش کی تکمیل کے لیے کئی خواہشات کی قربانی دینا پڑے گی، بے جا نمودونمائش کو چھوڑنا پڑے گا، ریا کاری، تصنع ، بناوٹ اور تفوق کے خیالات کو دل سے نکالنا ہوگا، حسد، بغض ،نفرت جیسی غیر اخلاقی بیماریوں سے کنارہ کشی اختیارکرنا ہوگی، بُخل، اسراف او ر ظلم و جبر جیسے تصورات اور نظریات کے عفریت کو کچلنا ہوگا۔
جنابِ صدر!
صحت مند رویے ہی صحت مند معاشرے کے قیام کا باعث ہوتے ہیں، صحت مند افراد صحت مند رویوں کا باعث ہوتے ہیں ، حدیث نبویؐ ہے کہ’’ صحت مند دماغ صحت مند جسم میں ہوتا ہے ‘‘ صحت درست ہوگی تو دماغ درست ہوگا، دماغ درست ہوگا تو خیالات درست ہوں گے سوچ مثبت ہوگی ، سوچ مثبت ہوگی تو معاشی اور معاشرتی غرض سے بنائے گئے منصوبے نافع ہوں گے۔
والسلام

فقہاء کی نظر میں عبادات میں اوقات مکروہہ اور ان کے اسباب و اثرات کا علمی جائزہ

For every worshipping, almighty Allah has appointed a specific time, same is the case with prayer (salat). But the following five appointed times for prayers are abhorrent: 1) At noon time. 2) At Sun set. 3) At Sun rise. 4) After Asar Prayer. 5) After the evening prayer. To offer prayer in the first three mentioned times, is not allowable in the views of Ahnaf. According to Imam Shaafi, Imam Malik and Imam Ahmad, obligatory prayer (salat) is permissible but not nafl prayer. Near to Imam Shaafi, in these forbidden timings, “NawaflZawat-ulAsbab” is legal and in Makkah every type of Nafl is also permissible. Even, during these timings, funeral prayer and sijdae-telawat is allowable with duress. There are different views regarding the last two forbidden times.

Fabrication of Energy-Efficient Ultracapacitive Electrodes Based on Conducting Polyaniline-Graphene Oxide Composites

Polyaniline Graphene Oxide (PANI-GO) composites have been synthesized through simple and scalable oxidative in-situ emulsion polymerization route. Reaction parameters were optimized by varying the concentrations of monomer, acid, oxidant and graphene oxide to obtain composites with optimum performance. Different structural and morphological features of the composited were characterized through Ultra Violet–Visible (UV-Visible) and Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) analysis. TGA showed very good thermal stability. To further access the thermal properties and calculate energy of activation for degradation of samples Horowitz and Metzger methods were used. Highest thermal stability and energy of activation for degradation was depicted by PANI-GO-6. High thermal stability enables PANI-GO composite to be utilized at high temperature applications. Conductivity measurements of the synthesized materials demonstrated that small amount of GO increases the conductivity of composites when compared with pristine PANI. This might be due to synergistic effect of PANI and GO in resulting composites. These results are also consistent with electrochemical analysis. Electrochemical and supercapacitor properties were analyzed through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD) analysis and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in three electrode setup using aqueous H2SO4. The CV and GCD curves suggested the material to be supercapacitive with low internal resistance. The nearly vertical arm of the AC impedance in the low frequency region depicted excellent capacitive behavior, representative of fast ion diffusion and adsorption in/on the electrode material. Nyquist plot showed very low solution resistance, Rs, charge transfer, Rct, and equivalent series resistance, ESR, for PANIGO-6. The low Rct is beneficial for fast charge transfer and allows for more charge storage. Form Bode plots the phase angle value is 86.340 which is closer to that of an ideal capacitor. The lower time constant value (0.630 s) provides evidence for faster ion diffusion and transport inside the whole inner structures. Symmetric, asymmetric and solid state devices were fabricated by using selected PANI-GO samples as electrode material. In symmetric device CV, was carried out at a scan rate of 10 mV/s at potential window form 0 to 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 V. Then at a scan rate of 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mV/s at potential range from 0-0.9 V. CVs were almost rectangular in shape and retained its shape even at high scan rates thus showed electrochemical double layer capacitance (EDLC) and high rate capability. GCD analysis showed capacitance value of 264 F/g at 1 A/g and retained its value 84.09 % at high current density (10 A/g) with excellent rate performance. EIS analysis showed lower Rct, Rs, ESR and t0 which are consistent with other results. The material was active upto 2000 charge discharge cycles. To further access its performance asymmetric device was fabricated. It showed excellent capacitive properties with extended potential window up to 1.2 V. GCD analysis showed excellent stability and columbic efficacy. To achieve cost affective energy storage appliances, symmetric devices using copper and steel current collectors were also fabricated. Their response as was quite good and is a step towards reducing the cost of energy storage devices. Further to overcome the leakage problem associated with liquid electrolytes solid state devices were also fabricated using poly(vinyl alcohol-H2SO4) (PVA-H2SO4) gel electrolyte. Thus, the synthesized composites can be used for high temperature applications due to its excellent stability and can be utilized in aqueous symmetric, asymmetric, symmetric solid state devices using different current collectors.