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Capstone Project-Ii [Bs Textile Programme]

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Abdur Rahim Wabah

Supervisor

Mushtaq Mangat

Department

University of Management and Technology

Program

BS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

16 .

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

Report presented in partial requirement for BS degree Advisor : Mushtaq Mangat; EN; Call No: TP 332.P ABD-F

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 06:51:13

ARI ID

1676712953795

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زبان کی مختلف سطحیں(صوتیات، لفظیات، نحویات)

موضوع 7:زبان کی مختلف سطحیں(صوتیات، لفظیات، نحویات)
صوتیات:
صوتیات لسانیات کی ایک شاخ ہے ،اس میں آوازوں کی ادائیگی کا مطالعہ کیا جاتا ہے؛ آوازیں کیسے پیدا ہوتی ہیں، آوازوں کی درجہ بندی کیسے کی جاتی ہے۔لسانیات کے اس شعبے میں انسانی اعضائے تکلم سے پیدا ہونے والی آوازوں کا مطالعہ کیا جاتا ہے۔صوتیات تکلمی آوازوں یا اصوات کے سائنسی مطالعے کا نام ہے۔ اس میں اصوات کے اجزائ، ماہیت، نوعیت اور کیفیات سے بحث کی جاتی ہے۔ڈیوڈ کرسٹل کے بقول:
"اعضائے صوت کا مطالعہ جن کی مدد سے ہم تکلم یا کلام کی بنیادی آوازوں کو ادا کرتے ہیں۔آوازکی لہروں کا مطالعہ یعنی ہوا کا وہ عمل جس کے ذریعے سیایک شخص کے بولے ہوئے الفاظ دوسروں تک پہنچتے ہیں نیز وہ طریقہ جس سے انسان آوازوں کا ادراک کرتا ہے۔یہ تینوں چیزیں لسانیات کی اس اہم شاخ کے تین باہم مربوط پہلو ہیں جنہیں صوتیات کا نام دیا جاتا ہے۔"
• اعضائے صوت کا مطالعہ • آواز کی لہروں کا مطالعہ
• آوازوں کا ادراک • صوتیات کا آغاز
قدیم ہند کی روایت :
پہلی روایت یہ ہے کہ اس کا تعلق ویدک اورسنسکرت سے ہے۔ قدیم ہند میں سینہ بہ سینہ منتقل ہوتے رہنے والے الفاظ،حمدیہ مصرعے ،اشلوک جس زبان میں تھے وہ زبان مروجہ نہیں رہی۔ مقدس منتروں کی ادائیگی کی اغلاط سے بچنے کے لئے انہوں نے گرائمر اور صوتیات کو فروغ دیا۔اگر ہم گرائمر کی بات کریں تو صوتیات کی پہلی گرامر سولہویں صدی میں بنائی گئی اس کا نام اشت ادھائے رکھا بعض لوگ اسے ویدک اور بعض سنسکرت زبان کی گرائمر کہتے ہیں۔
قدیم لاطینی اور یونانی روایت:
یہ روایت برائے نام ہے اس میں افلاطون نے باصدا اور بے صدا آوازوں میں تفریق توضرور کی ہیمگر زبان کا صوتیاتی تجزیہ نہیں کیاہے۔
مشرق وسطی کی عربی صوتیات کی...

ASSOCIATION OF PECTORALIS MINOR MUSCLE LENGTH AND SHOULDER RANGE OF MOTION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITH OUT SHOULDER PAIN

Background and Aim: To evaluate the association of pectoralis minor muscle length and the shoulder range of motion with and without shoulder pain. Methodology: A sample of 214 participants with and without shoulder pain were enrolled in an analytical cross sectional study at Institute of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Dow University of health sciences, Karachi.  Questionnaire was provided to all participants after taking consent. Individuals were categorized into two equal groups i.e. one with and the other without pain). Shoulder active ranges were measured with universal goniometer and pectoralis minor length with measuring tape. Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 21 was used for data analysis. The descriptive variables were assessed for frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were shown with mean and standard deviations and were correlated with bivariate correlation test. Considered significant was 0.05 p value. Results: Females were 176(82.2%) and males were 38 (17.8%). Mean ± SD of age, weight, height, and BMI were 26.82 ±7.50, 58.45 ±12.11, 160.59 ± 12.43, and 22.18 ±3.78 respectively. The pain intensity negatively correlated with shoulder range of motions (rs = -0.307 to -0.775, p< 0.05) except medial rotation.  Significant difference (p< 0.05) is found for length of pectoralis minor and range of motion between groups. There was also weak positive correlation between pectoralis minor index and shoulder lateral rotation (rs =0.215; p = 0.003). Conclusion: The shoulder pain affects shoulder joint range of motion and pectoralis minor length. Decreased pectoralis minor muscle length accompanies limited shoulder range of motion except, medial rotation.

Formulation and Validation of Framework to Measure Sustainable Supply Chain Performance With Regards to Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green Practices

This particular research work provided a better understanding for the practices of existing supply chain paradigms i.e., lean, agile, resilient and green which is commonly known as LARG; and how these LARG practices of Supply Chain (SC) impact the performance of SC. To measure the performance of SC three sub-factors were identified from literature i.e., operational performance, economic performance, and environmental performance. Measuring the performance of LARG practices of SC is entirely under researched area, as it has never been attempted by researcher before. To measure the performance of LARG practices of SC a framework was theorized after through literature review. The performance evaluation of LARG practices of SC provided the supervisors with better understandings about the areas where the performance of SC could be enriched. Moreover, it could also be identified that what are the areas which require special attention so that better performance could be achieved. Measurement of SC performance allowed not only the suppliers but also the retail distributors to evaluate their own performance as well as performance of their sub-contractors. Likewise, it also provided the opportunity to recognize what elements enhance the SC performance and what all factors weaken the SC performance. There should be equilibrium among the sub factors of performance i.e., operational performance, economic performance, and environmental performance. The previously available research studies relating to the topic of LARG practices of SC paradigms have been carried out independently; because there is not even a single research study available in which all four LARG paradigms of SC has been evaluated simultaneously and no effort has been made to empirically validate any of LARG paradigms. It is also worth mentioning that there is no single research study available in which impact of LARG practices of SC have been evaluated on the performance of SC having three sub factors i.e., operational performance, economic performance and environmental performance. So this is the very first study in which key performance indicators are identified and developed to form four constructs of independent variable i.e., lean, agile, resilient and green and three constructs of dependent variables i.e., operational performance, economic performance and environmental performance. Subsequently the indicators for the constructs were selected, basing upon these indicators final items were also adapted with the help of previous literature. Afterwards by using these indicators and constructs few hypotheses were suggested and basing upon these hypotheses a conceptual framework was formulated. For the empirical validation of this framework mixed methodology approach was applied in this thesis, the theorized conceptual framework was tested in two phases. In first phase the causal relationships were evaluated at the indicator to indicator level; indicators were compared for four independent and three dependent level variables with the help of five Pakistani textile industry‘s qualitative case studies. In these qualitative case studies, firstly the perception is recorded for the importance of every indicator and then subsequently actual implementation level of these indicators in the said case study industries was recorded. Consequently, the causal loop diagram technique was used to measure the causal relationship of every indicator of independent variable with every indicator of dependent variable. The results of causal loop diagram provided us the general view of causal relationships amongst indicators of depend and independent variables. The qualitative case study analysis results facilitated us to conclude that the executives involved in the textile industry SC, not only give due importance but also actually implement these LARG practices of SC and likewise to the measures of SC performance; which accordingly better revealed the impacts of these practices on the performance of SC. The results and conclusion of this exploratory type of qualitative analysis helped us to understand that how this framework could be useful for Pakistani textile industry particularly and global textile industry generally. Theorized conceptual framework was empirically validated in second phase with the help large scale quantitative analysis. This is the unique attempt in which the scale was adapted from state of the art literature review, which was not only tested for reliability but also for different kinds of validity which included, face; content; discriminant and convergent validity using SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 soft wares. The large-scale data of survey responses was obtained by using this reliable and validated instrument form Pakistani manufacturing industries and then this data was transferred to SPSS for further analysis. After carrying out initial descriptive statistics analysis, Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed using AMOS-20 software, to test four main and twelve sub hypotheses. These hypotheses testing enabled us to empirically validate the theorized conceptual framework. The SEM, hypotheses testing results and goodness of fit statistics showed that there is no issue in theorizing of the conceptual framework, as well as empirically validation of the theorized conceptual framework. Empirically validated framework in third phase was also case tested where LARG framework was applied on China Pakistan Economic Corridor as a case study; for verification of the results scenario planning technique was applied.