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Speech Conversion Application [Mcs Programme]

Thesis Info

Author

Adnan Muzahir Ali; Imran Zaheer, Muhammad; Irfan Alvi, Muhammad; Shahid Aleem, Muhammad

Department

University of Management and Technology

Program

MCS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2001

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

140 .

Language

English

Other

Report presented in partial requirement for MCS degree Advisor:; EN; Call No: TP 006.454 SPE-

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 07:51:23

ARI ID

1676713018203

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الباب الرابع: شعر نازك الملائكة وبروین شاکر (دراسة مقارنة)

الباب الرابع: شعر نازك الملائكة وبروین شاکر (دراسة مقارنة)

في ھذا الباب سأتحدث في الفصل الأول عن أشعار نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر(المتشابھۃ) وسأوضح أوجہ التشابہ فیما بینھما وھذا لا یدل علی أن لیست ھناك۔ إختلافات فیما بینھما في ھذہ القصائد ولکن أقصد من الأشعار المتشابھۃ أن التشابہ في الأفکار والأسلوب والأحزان ورأیھما في الحیاۃ قریب جداً من بعضھما البعض أما في الفصل الثاني فسأتحدث عن أشعار نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر(المختلفۃ) وأقصد من ذلک أن الإختلافات في قصائدھما أکثر من المتشابھات، وقد عملتُ بکل جھدي وتعبي فی تقدیم ھذا العمل وقمتُ بشرح مجمل بسیط لأشعارھما ومقارنتھما بشکل إجمالي دون التعمق في النقد والبلاغۃ۔

 

 

Revival of Complementary and Alternative Herbal Medicines

Herbal medicines, complementary or alternative medicines is a wide term for the therapies that are not part of standard care but it has many theories regarding efficacy based on personal experiences, history and common knowledge. It has long been used since ancient times since the beginning of human civilization. Its use had caught much attention in the early 1800s, with the development in the science of chemistry, a new era in pharmacotherapeutics and the use of active chemical ingredients in plants which were known to produce favorable therapeutic effects, were explored, active compounds were extracted, purified and their structure was revealed. This advancement paved the way towards modern pharmaceutical therapy. The modern drugs are based on these herbal medicines, after extracting the active and pure chemical compounds. Pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of the active ingredients was explored. It lead to the better understanding of efficacy and safety profile of these drugs and first choice for treatment of various diseases. At the same time, the herbal medicines were considered as secondarily important. After approximately two centuries, the use of herbal medicines have seen a revival globally both in developing as well as developed countries. In the past few years, the practice of using herbal medicines as an alternative and complementary health medicine has gained more importance. Herbal medicines are common for treatment of various ailments including cancer, digestive disorders, pain related disorders, neuropathic ailments and cardiac arrhythmias etc. Even it has been used by pregnant females and mostly perceived as safe. Its use has gained more attraction due to its ‘natural’ approach and lesser side effects. Their use if often overlooked but physicians should pay attention to these medicines. There is lack of familiarity, standardization of the drug components, unproven therapeutic effects in various diseases, unexplored toxicology, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and compatibility in patients with varying medical, genetic and demographic history. There are serious concerns regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of herbal products and nutraceuticals. Accidental contamination and deliberate adulteration are assumed to be the main cause of the side effects. Much of the herbal medical knowledge is scattered in different regions of the world and mostly available at family, community and local level and mostly in any native languages. There is need of coherent sources, knowledge, and exploration of these medicines across the world. The herbal medicine has varying diversity in different geological regions and they should be investigated. There should be a regional or national body to control and approve the herbal medicines. Proper documentations on these medicines and food supplements should also be done.

Relationship of Job Characteristics on Employees Psychological Work Reaction: Evidence from the Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This study was conducted to examine the direct effect of job characteristics on job satisfaction, job commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and the intervening influence of organizational job commitment and job satisfaction in a relationship with job characteristics and OCB. This study was quantitative in nature and the population comprised of faculty members of public and private universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. In public sector universities overall 316 questionnaires were distributed amid faculty members and 290 usable questionnaires were returned the response 92% and amid the faculty members of private universities total 168 questionnaires were distributed and 162 questionnaires were returned, the response was 96%. The data was analysed using SPSS, LISREL and AMOS software. In order to accomplished study objectives EFA, CFA and Regression analyses were run. Based on the statistical consequences the findings of the study reveals that a) job characteristic, job satisfaction and job commitment are the significant predictor of OCB whereas, job satisfaction and job commitment significantly mediates in the relationship amid job characteristics and OCB. Study recommended that the experts of the universities appropriately supervise, train and manage the human resource of organization and consistently observe the individual performance in order to strengthen their profession goals. Moreover, the universities experts conduct the survey upon the faculty members of both public sector universities and ask employees what they want more in their positions and make sure the universities have a formal and consistent orientation program for all levels. Future research areas and limitations are also incorporate in the study. The study has value and it is original.