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Free Space Optics [Bs Programme] [+Cd]

Thesis Info

Author

Abubakar, M.; Shahzad, Usman; Mobeen Ur Rehman; Umar Farooq

Supervisor

Khalid Asghar

Department

University of Management and Technology

Program

BS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

54 .

Subject

Engineering

Language

English

Other

Report presented in partial requirement for BS degree Advisor: Khalid Asghar; EN; Call No: TP 621.3827 FRE-

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 07:24:06

ARI ID

1676713108874

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12. Yusuf/Prophet Joseph

12. Yusuf/Prophet Joseph

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

12:01
Alif. Lam. Ra’.
These are the Messages of the Clear Book – The Qur’an.

12:02
Truly WE have sent it down as an Arabic Qur’an,
so that you people may understand its meaning, and message and practice it.

12:03
WE are now going to recount to you the best of narratives of the ancient past in what WE have revealed on to you – of this Qur’an,
though before it, you were indeed of the unaware of the details of this narrative.

12:04
It is a narrative of the occasion when Joseph said to his father:
‘O my dear father!
Truly, I saw in a dream eleven stars, and the sun, and the moon.
I saw them prostrating themselves before me.’

12:05
He said:
‘O my dear son!
Do not narrate your dream to your brothers, lest they hatch some plot against you out of jealousy.
Surely, Satan is a clear enemy to man’ and can incite them to do such a thing.

12:06
‘In this way, your Rabb -The Lord is going to choose you O Joseph, as a Prophet,
and teach you the interpretation and explanation of the events/dreams,
and thus confer HIS Favors upon you and upon the Family of Jacob,
as HE conferred it before upon your forefathers, Abraham and Isaac.
Indeed, your Rabb - The Lord is All-Knowing, All-Wise.’

12:07
In fact, in this narrative of Joseph and his eleven brothers, there are lessons for those seeking answers.

12:08
Remember...

Difference in the Characteristics of Imposter Syndrome in Dental Students of Preclinical and Clinical Phase

Background: People suffering from imposter syndrome despite being competent consider themselves less skillful and incapable. Such individuals are also more prone to regret their choice of career with consequent early drop out, experience burnout, more prone to medical errors, absenteeism and low job satisfaction.  The current study aims to determine the difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome in dental students of preclinical and clinical phase and its gender predisposition. Objectives: 1. To find out the frequency and characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students. 2. To evaluate the differences in the characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students of preclinical and clinical year. 3. To determine gender predisposition of imposter syndrome among dental students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 dental students of CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College. A validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5-point Likert scale was used to collect data by convenient sampling technique. The characteristics of IP were determined by adding the scores of all items. Descriptive statistics were done, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight students filled the IP Scale. The frequency of imposter syndrome is found to be 52.1% among Dental Students. Majority (72) of the dental students have frequent to intense imposter feelings. There is non-significant difference in the IP characteristics of male and female students. No significant difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome is found between dental students of preclinical and clinical year. Conclusions: There frequency of imposter syndrome is high among Dental students. Non-significant difference in the IP characteristics is found between male and female students as well as students of preclinical and clinical year.

Functional Attributes and Bio-Assay of Modified Cereal Starches

The present project was designed to probe the effect of diversified modification methods on the functional, structural and nutritional attributes of cereal starches. Purposely, starch was extracted from rice and corn grains and modified by Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT), acid hydrolysis, oxidation, cross linking and Octenyl Succinic Anhydride (OSA) modification methods. The compositional analysis of corn and rice revealed 69.84±3.22 % and 79.12±2.86 % starch. The morphological examination depicted regular, polygonal small granules of starch by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The pasting properties of all the modified corn and rice starches exhibited significant differences. The solubility of modified starches varied from 5.43±0.17 % to 17.27±0.52 % while the light transmittance was highest in oxidized (46.13±2.15 %) trailed by OSA (43.40±2.18 %), acid hydrolysis (26.93±0.95 %), native (23.77±1.16 %), HMT (16.30±0.87 %) and cross link (13.37±0.45 %) in modified rice starches. Similar trend was observed regarding the solubility and light transmittance values of modified corn starches. The modification process reduced syneresis as a function of storage in both rice and corn modified starches with lowest synersis value in OSA modified starches. The structural properties of modified starches were exemplified by SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The photomicrographs revealed that HMT produced slight agglomeration along with granular disruption, acid hydrolysis did not cause any pronounced effect on granule morphology while rough edges and cluster formation occurred in starch granules after cross linking and OSA modification in both the rice and corn starches. The polymorphic forms as examined by XRD depicted that rice starches elucidated A-type crystalline pattern with characteristics peaks at 15.92, 17.24, 17.78 and 22.94º (2θ). All the modified starches exhibited the same pattern and no noticeable changes in rice starch were observed after various modification processes. Likewise, corn starches also illuminated similar A-type crystalline pattern with sharp peaks at 15.92, 17.21, 17.73 and 22.91º (2θ). The diffractrogram explicated that the process of modification occurred in the amorphous zone of starch granules. Furthermore, the modified starches were examined for the nutritionally beneficial component of starch i.e. resistant starch (RS). The resistant starch content of modified rice starches expounded that RS increased from 6.57±0.28 % to 26.75±1.69 %. Likewise, RS content in modified corn starch also boosted from 13.67±0.87 % to 41.76±2.15 %. Furthermore, modified starches were incorporated in wheat flour and their effect on dough and bread quality was assessed. The addition of modified starches significantly affected the rheological properties of wheat flour as determined by farinograph and RVA. Bread prepared by the addition of modified starches especially OSA rice starch revealed significant improvement in texture during storage. The hypocholesterolimic potential of modified starches was demonstrated through bio-assay trial and the provision of modified corn starch supplemented diet caused significant decrease as compared to modified rice starch in serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides as 5.07 % , 9.03 % and 6.09 %, correspondingly. Conclusively, modifications of cereal starches noticeably affected their functional properties and enhanced their utilization under rigorous processing conditions. Addition of modified starches in bread showcased their anti staling properties and the bio-assay trial illustrated the prophylactic potential to lower hyperlipidemia.