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Conversational Patterns of Third Gender Male and Female Hijras [Ms Program]

Thesis Info

Author

Rabia Yesmein

Supervisor

Nazir Ahmad Malik

Department

University of Management and Technology

Program

MS

Institute

University of Management and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

232 .

Subject

Language

Language

English

Other

Report presented in partial requirement for MS degree Advisor: Nazir Ahmad Malik; EN; Call No: TP 401.41 RAB-C

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676713203329

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۳-متی

۳-متی

"أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُواْ ٱلْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُم مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوْاْ مِن قَبْلِكُم مَّسَّتْهُمُ ٱلْبَأْسَآءُ وَٱلضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلْزِلُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ مَعَهُ مَتَىٰ نَصْرُ ٱللَّهِ أَلا إِنَّ نَصْرَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ۔"[[1]]

"پھر کیا تم لوگوں نے یہ سمجھ رکھا ہے کہ یونہی جنت کا داخلہ تمہیں مل جائے گا، حالانکہ ابھی تم پر وہ سب کچھ نہیں گزرا ہے، جو تم سے پہلے ایمان لانے والوں پر گزر چکا ہے؟ اُن پر سختیاں گزریں، مصیبتیں آئیں، ہلا مارے گئے، حتیٰ کہ وقت کارسول اور اس کے ساتھی اہل ایمان چیخ اٹھے کہ اللہ کی مدد کب آئے گی اُس وقت انہیں تسلی دی گئی کہ ہاں اللہ کی مدد قریب ہے"۔



[[1]]     القرآن ،۲ : ۲۱۴۔

A CRITICAL STUDY OF CLINTON BENNETT’S THOUGHTS TOWARDS SIRAH OF THE HOLY PROPHET ﷺ

Sirah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is the topic on which a lot of work has been done both in the Muslim and non-Muslim world. For Muslims it was the source of aspiration and adaptation for the practical purposes of social life while for the non-Muslims it was the source of inquisitiveness and understanding Islam as a successful religion in the past and present time. Therefore, Muslim enthusiastic interest in the biography of the Holy Prophet ﷺ developed and evolved into a regular science while the west has modified the knowledge of biography according to their own order of preference but within the same biographic precedents. Both have tried to reconstruct the biography of the Holy Prophet ﷺ historically, chronologically and logically. Clinton Bennett is one of the western scholars who has contributed not only in the Islamic literature but also the biographic field. His work consists of numerous issues in Islam. Whatever he has learned from Islam and the Sirah of Holy Prophet and thus concluded in the form of his own thoughts, he has expressed most of them in his famous five books for example ‘In Search of Muhammad’, ‘Muslims and Modernity’, ‘Studying Islam’, ‘Interpreting the Qur’an’, and ‘Victorian Images of Islam’ (doctoral thesis)’. This study focuses on Clinton Bennett’s work on Sirah specifically with his broader view of the subject. This research is descriptive and analytical in nature and presents a detailed analysis of the work it is based upon.

Comparative in Vivo and in Vitro Studies on Growth Bioregulatory Role of Thiourea in Improving Salt Tolerance of Hybrid Maize

This research project was undertaken to see the sights in the bioregulatory mode of action of thiourea in improving salinity stress tolerance in maize. For this purpose, the studies were conducted both in vivo and in vitro. Seeds of (six) marketable maize hybrids (P1543, 34N43, 31P41, DK6789, 33M15, 32B33) were used to accomplish the objectives of improving salinity tolerance in both systems. For in vivo studies, the experiments were conducted in two seasons (autumn and spring) in pots. Salinity treatment applied in both the systems was 120 mM developed with sodium chloride to find out the comparative responses of the hybrids. Based on growth responses, hybrid 33M15 was found to be highly salt tolerant while DK6789 was highly salt sensitive. Both these hybrids were used in selecting an appropriate level of thiourea out of a range from 0 to 2400 μM (at an increment of 200 μM). For both the hybrids, based on growth attributes, 400 μM level was the most optimal in enhancing growth parameters, and was therefore selected for use at both in vivo and in vitro level experiments. For in vivo experiment, the data revealed that applied salinity was damaging to growth, gas exchange, oxidative stress, antioxidants, osmoprotectants and nutrients characteristics of both the hybrids (DK6789 being more affected) while autumn season was more adverse than spring. Medium supplementation of thiourea was almost equally effective in both the seasons in improving the salinity tolerance of the hybrids during in vitro studies while the behavior of 33M15 was more profound towards the callusing, shooting and rooting and regeneration ability. Overall the results suggested that the medium supplementation of thiourea can effectively improve the salinity tolerance of maize by producing physiological and biochemical changes at the cellular level together with the parameters measured in the lab/pot experiments. The studies can be extended both at the molecular level to find out the patterns of gene expression, and in the field to explore the real benefits that the farmers can accrue using the approach employed in the control conditions.