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Home > تحائف اور رشوت احادیث وآثار کی روشنی میں بمعہ فقہی نقطہ نظر

تحائف اور رشوت احادیث وآثار کی روشنی میں بمعہ فقہی نقطہ نظر

Thesis Info

Author

احساناللہ چشتی

Supervisor

حافظ غلام یوسف

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

100 ص

Subject

Law

Language

Urdu

Other

Call No: 340.59 اح ت; Publisher: علامہ اقبال اوپن ئونیورسٹی

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676714461508

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شاہی حمام تے غریب لوہار

شاہی حمام تے غریب لوہار

پرانے زمانے دی گل اے کہ اک ملک وچ بیماری پھیلن پاروں بہت تباہی ہوئی۔ اوس ملک دے بہت سارے لوک بیماری پاروں مر گئے۔ کاروبار تباہ ہو گیا۔ قحط سالی پاروں بہت سارے جانور وی مر گئے۔ مینہ نہ پین دی وجہ بہت سارے درخت سُک گئے۔ ایس ملک دا اک شہر اپنی ترقی تے خوبصورتی پاروں سارے ملک سگوں بیرون ملک بہت شہرت رکھدا سی۔ سب توں ودھ تباہی اوتھے ہوئی۔ کدے اوہ وقت سی کہ لوک دوروں دوروں اوس شہر دیاں عمارتاں تے لوکاں دا کم ویکھن لئی آندے سن۔ پر ہن اوتھے کجھ وی نئیں سی رہ گیا۔ بہت سارے لوک مر گئے یاں روزی دی تلاش وچ دوجیاں تھاواں اتے چلے گئے۔ جو لوک رہ گئے سن اوہ بہت ای سست سن۔ سوچدے ضرور سن کہ حالات نوں کویں بدلا جاوے پر اگے ودھ کے ہمت کوئی نئیں کردا۔

اک دن سارے بزرگ اک تھاں اکٹھے ہوئے تے آکھن لگے کہ شہر دی ترقی لئی کسے سچے تے ایمان دار بندے دی لوڑ اے۔ جو تباہی نوں دور کر کے شہر دیاں رونقاں مڑ توں بحال کر دیوے۔ سارے بیٹھے صلاحواں کر دے رہے پر کم کرن لئی اگے کوئی نہ ودھیا تے کسے نے وی ایہہ ذمہ داری چکن دا وعدہ نہ کیتا۔ اچانک اک 18 سال دا جوان کھڑا ہویا تے آکھن لگا۔ میں حلف دیندا واں تے تہاڈے نال وعدہ کردا ہاں کہ ایس شہر دیاں بحال کراں گا تے تسی مینوں ہمیشہ یاد رکھو گے۔ سارے بزرگ اوس جوان تے اوہدے گھر والیاں نوں چنگی طرح جاندے سن۔ ایس لئی اوہ سارے اوس جوان نوں اپنا سردار بناون تے اوس دی مدد کرن تے تیار ہو گئے۔ سب توں پہلاں اوہناں اوہدے سر اتے عزت دی پگ...

Frequency of Conjunctivitis among Farmers of District Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan Conjuntivitis among farmers of Vehari

Conjunctivitis is a globally prevalent ocular and/eye infection. The basic motivation of the current study may be traced back to the association of conjunctivitis with unhygienic situations and sunlight exposure. The daily routine of farmers, overwhelming poverty, and illiteracy ratio may have further enhanced the incidence ratio of conjunctivitis. The ocular infection and/or conjunctivitis is caused by various pathogens, if not managed properly and appropriately may lead to corneal perforation or blindness. Objective: The study has been designed to find out the prevalence of various pathogenic and allergic conjunctivitis among farmers in the district Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: It was a community-based and cross-sectional descriptive studyfrom October- November 2019. The study involved the quantitative analytical method. Anterior segments of eyes followed by posterior segments were examined by using an ophthalmoscope and torchlight for the diagnosisof conjunctivitis. Data on pathogenic and allergic conjunctiva was collected. Result: Our study indicated that 33(16.5%) farmers were found with the symptoms ascertained with conjunctivitis. Among the studied subjects, 29(14.5%) and 4(2%) farmers were found with bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, respectively. As far as the tendency of seeking medical help and ophthalmic consultation is concerned, 31(15.5%) and 19(9.5%) patients preferred to get examined by an eye specialist and traditional treatment, respectively. However, 150(75%) patients neglected to seek any medical aid. It was found 27 (13.5%), and 55 (27.5%) farmers were using glasses and traditional eye protective measures, respectively. However, almost sixty percent 118(59%) of farmers were not using any type of eye-protective measures. It was found that 59%, 30%, and 11% farmer population was exposed to sunlight for almost six, four, and two hours, respectively on daily basis. Conclusions: The use of prevalent traditional protective measures and lack of treatment or medical aid seeking trendby farmers has been found responsible for the high incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis. Moreover, long working hours and sunlight exposure alongwith the predominant unhygienic conditions may further quadruple the frequency of viral and bacterial conjunctivitis. The high prevalence ratio of conjunctivitis, eye infections, and ocular injuries highlight the need of observing universal eye safety and precautionary measures. Keeping in view the downtrodden economic conditions of the farmers and agriculturalists in the country and the financial repercussions associated with the infection, a state-ownedmedical awareness and relief process must be ensured and encouraged for the Pakistani community.

Comparison of Outcomes of Open Reduction Versus Open Reduction Salter Osteotomy for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Ddh Among Children at French Medical Institute for Children, Kabul, Afghanistan

Background: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) consists of either subluxation or dislocation of femoral head from acetabulum and acetabular dysplasia. The ratio of left side hip to right is 3:1. There are several kinds of treatments for DDH globally, and conservative treatment is one of the best methods with a better outcome than surgical treatment. Objective: The aim of this research study is to compare the outcomes of Open Reduction versus Open Reduction Salter Osteotomy with regard to length of stay, complications and family satisfaction among children with DDH at FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study design was employed. Records of 166 participants who underwent Open Reduction and Open reduction Salter Osteotomy at FMIC hospital were reviewed. The data was collected from the available records during the period of 2010 to 2015. Chi-square test of independence and T-test for two independent samples were run to determine an association between two categorical variables and compute mean difference between categorical and continuous variables for two types of surgical procedure for DDH respectively. In addition, t-test for two dependent samples was also run to compare the mean difference of Pre-operation and Post-operation AI. All the ethical principles were followed throughout the study process. Result: The research findings revealed that there is a difference in outcomes of Open Reduction versus Open Reduction Salter Osteotomy. There was a meaningful difference of Pre-operation and Post-Operation AI for DDH patients (p-value <0.001). Hospital length of stay for Open Reduction group was relatively low (p-value <0.001). The rate of development of complications was higher in Open reduction group as compared to Open reduction Salter osteotomy. Residual dysplasia is more common in open reduction group, 16 participants (19.27%) as compared to open reduction salter osteotomy 9 (10. 84%). In open reduction group only 1 (0.6%) of the participants had subluxation, and 2 (1.2%) others developed femoral head AVN. On the contrary, in the open reduction salter osteotomy group, 1 (0.6%) participant had developed subluxation and 5 (3%) had developed AVN and majority of participants 132(79.5%) had not developed any complications. Half of participants’ families 101 (60.8%) were strongly satisfied, followed by 62 (37.3%) satisfied, and while 3 (1.8%) were dissatisfied with two types of surgical treatment methods. 132 (79.5%) of participants had excellent outcome, 25 (15.1%) good, 2(1.2%) and 7 (4.2%) poor outcome. Conclusion: The research study revealed that there is difference in the outcomes of