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Developing Variable Repetitive Group Sampling Control Charts under Different Estimators

Thesis Info

Author

Liaquat Ahmad

Supervisor

Muhammad Aslam

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xx, 177.

Subject

Mathematics

Language

English

Other

Call No: 519.5 LID; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709883297

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المبحث الثاني: سبب تسميتها بنازك الملائكة

المبحث الثاني: سبب تسميتها بنازك الملائكة

 اسم نازک اسم ترکي، ولدت شاعرۃ العراق الحزینۃ عقب الثورۃ التي قادتھا الثائرۃ السوریۃ (نازک العابد) ضد الإحتلال الفرنسي، فسماھا أبوھا بذلک الإسم، أیضاً رأیٰ جد الطفلۃ أن تسمیٰ نازک إکراماً للثائرۃ وتعظیماً لھا وھذہ الطفلۃ کانت جدیۃ منذ طفولتھا تکرہ المزاح والثرثرۃ، استفادت الشاعرۃ من ھذہ الجد یۃ في المستقبل فأصبحت شاعرۃ العراق الحزینۃ المعروفۃ ورائدۃ(الشعر الحر)۔

الملائکة المھذبون

 یشرح الدکتور نزار[1] (شقیقھا) عن اسم العائلۃ (الملائکۃ) بأنّ أطلِقَ علیھم الملائکۃ لھدوئهم وانطوائهم الإیجابي علی الذات وأنھم بالأصل من عائلۃ جلبي(تلفظ شلبي) وھي عائلۃ کبیرۃ ومعروفۃ. وأخبر نزار بأن قد جاء شاعر عراقي علی زیارتنا ورأی ھدوء وسکینۃ العائلۃ، وکان یرانا ھادئین لا نسبب الضجیج للجیران فسمانا ملائکۃ ، فانتشر ھذا اللقب بالحي۔

 وأیضاً تروي الکاتبۃ اللبنانیۃ ’’حیاۃ شرارۃ‘‘[2] بأنّ اسم الملائکۃ قد أطلق علی العائلۃ قبل قرنین من الزمن وذلک بسبب التھذیب المفرط لأبنائها، وأنّ أباھا صادق الملائکۃ أعطاھا اسم نازک تعظیماً بنازک العابد، إحدی المناضلات السوریات ضد الإحتلال الفرنسي في الربع الأول من القرن العشرین[3]۔

 

 



[1] نزار: شقیق نازك الملائکۃ سبق التعرف علیہ

[2] حیاۃ شرارۃ: الکاتبۃ اللبنانیۃ ولدت في عام 1935 لمدینۃ النجف۔ وأکملت دراستھا في بغداد، لھا ترجمات ومؤلفات، کتبت القصۃ والمقالۃ أیضاً، تزوجت من الدکتور محمد صالح سمیسم

[3] بزیغ، شوقي ’’نازك الملائکۃ وداعاً‘‘: ’’الشاعرۃ الثائرۃ تستکین للموت‘‘ مجلۃ العربي، ع 585 (أغسطس:2007) ص:90۔

التوجهات البريطانية لإدارة الاوضاع السياسية في لبنان 1943- 1946

الملخص: ظهرت بوادر الضعف في سياسة الحكومة الفرنسية تجاه لبنان بعد انتهاء أزمة تشرين الثاني عام 1943، اذ وجدت اللجنة الوطنية الفرنسية نفسها أمام صمود الحكومة اللبنانية والضغط البريطاني، لذلك عمدت الحكومة الفرنسية إلى اتخاذ قرارها بالإفراج عن رئيس واعضاء الحكومة اللبنانية وإعادة الحياة الدستورية إلى البلاد، قُسمت الدراسة الى مبحثين مع مقدمة وخاتمة تضمنت ابرز النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة، تطرق المبحث الاول الى نقل المصالح المشتركة والدور بريطانيا في حلها، في حين ابرز المبحث الثاني الدور البريطاني في مفاوضات الجلاء الفرنسية اللبنانية 1945-1946، توصلت الدراسة الى عدة نتائج كان من اهمها تضمن الموقف الدولي بشكل عام وبريطانيا خصوصا قضية استقلال لبنان وجلاء القوات الاجنبية بشكل نهائي سببا في انهيار سياسة الحكومة الفرنسية في لبنان. الكلمات المفتاحية: الحكومة الفرنسية، الحكومة اللبنانية، الاعتراف الدولي، الاستقلال التام، جلاء الجيوش الأجنبية

Interaction of Essential Traces Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn and Toxic Elements As, Cd, Pb and Ni in Different Types of Cancer Patients

In this study it was reported that toxic elements including cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in the drinking water is associated with increased incidences of cancers. There is a compelling evidence in support of negative associations between essential traces and toxic elements in different types of cancer. The antagonistic effects between essential elements such as selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and toxic elements; arsenic, cadmium and nickel status are linked with the imbalances of essential traces and toxic elements in body fluid and human tissues. Epidemiologic studies suggests that the deficiency of essential trace elements and exposure to the toxic elements might be linked with increased risk of cancer. In this study different methodologies were adopted to analyze trace quantity of essential and toxic element in human biological along with water and food samples. The preparation of different samples and their pretreatment were optimized in order to maximize the recoveries, precision and accuracy for under study analytes, using certified reference material of matched matrices. In present study patient suffering from different types of cancers (like: mouth, lung, bladed, liver, skin and gynecological) in both genders (males and females) were collected from cancer hospitals located in different regions of Sindh Pakistan. The biological samples (blood and scalp hair) along with biochemical parameters were collected. For comparative purposes, the biological samples from referents (males and females) have same age group (ranged 35–65 years) as a referents were also analyzed. Both referents and patients have the same socioeconomic status, localities and dietary habits. The biological samples (blood and scalp hairs) of male biopsy proved subjects having bladder, lung and liver cancer and non-cancerous subjects belonging to arsenic (As)-exposed area of southern parts of Pakistan were analysed for As contents. The As levels in drinking water of understudy area were 3–15-fold higher than the permissible level (<10 mg/L). It was observed that the lung cancer patients have 20–35% higher levels of As in both biological samples as compared to bladder cancer patients, might be due to smoking habit. This study proven the positive associations between arseniccontaminated water, food and cigarette with different types of cancers. The mouth cancer incidences are increased among peoples, who have habits of chewing tobacco with gradients (areca nut and betel quid) and smoking in Pakistan. To measure the concentration of Cd and Zn in mouth cancer patients (MCPs) of both genders. It was observed that the levels of Zn were lower, whereas Cd was higher in the blood and scalp hair samples of MCPs as compared to referent subjects (p < 0.001). The referents chewing and smoking tobacco have high level of Cd in both biological samples as compared to those which do not have habit of smoking or chewing tobacco (p < 0.012). The Cd/Zn ratio was higher in MCPs than referent subjects. The As and Se in acid digests of biological samples of As exposed group comprises, female have skin lesions (ESL), skin cancer (ESC), admitted in cancer hospitals, and exposed referents not having both diseases (ER), belongs to As exposed area of Pakistan. The both elements in acid digested biological sample were preconcentrated by complexing with chelating agent (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate), and resulted complexes were extracted into non-ionic extractant (Triton X- 114), prior to analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The enhancement factor of about 25 was obtained by pre-concentrating 10 mL of sample solutions. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by using certified reference material (BCR 397). The biological samples of ESC patients had 2–3 folds higher As and lower Se levels as compared to referent patients (p<0.001). The higher concentration of As and lower Se levels in biological samples of cancerous patients are consisted with reported studies. The relationship between carcinogenic elements, arsenic, cadmium, and nickel, and anti-carcinogenic elements, selenium and zinc, in the scalp hair and blood of different female cancer patients (breast, cervix, mouth and ovarian) whereas for male cancer patients (urinary bladder, lung, mouth and esophagus), both scalp hair and blood samples were analysed. The referents of both genders were also selected. The male patients and referents were all smokers. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni were found to be significantly higher in the scalp hair and blood samples of cancerous patients as compared to referents, while inverse results were obtained in case of essential elements Zn and Se (p < 0.01). The study revealed that the carcinogenic processes are significantly affecting the trace elements burden and mutual interaction of essential trace and toxic elements in the cancerous patients.