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Fourier Transformed Based Image Processing

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Nasir

Department

Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2001

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vi, 84

Subject

Engineering & Applied Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Sc PIEAS/95

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676717321356

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مولانا حبیب الرحمن لدھیانوی

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افسوس ہے اس ماہ کی ۲ تاریخ کو مولانا حبیب الرحمن لدھیانوی ایک معمولی دورۂ قلب کے بعد۶۴برس کی عمر اچانک رہ گزائے عالم جادوانی ہوگئے۔ مولانا نے اپنے سب اہل خاندان کی طرح دارالعلوم دیوبند میں تعلیم پائی تھی۔ لیکن چوں کہ وہ موروثی اورخاندانی طورپر ایک مجاہد،بطل حریت اورزعیم قوم تھے اس لیے تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد ہی عملی سیاست کی وادی پرخار میں کود پڑے۔ اس تقریب سے ان کا تعلق کانگریس سے بھی رہا اورجمعیۃ علمائے ہندسے بھی، اس کے علاوہ مجلس احرار کے تووہ نفس ناطقہ یا عقل ِفعال ہی تھے۔خوش تقریری، خطابت،جرأت وبیباکی،ذہانت اورطباعی،ایثار وفداکاری یہ اُن کی وہ خصوصیات تھیں جن کے باعث وہ جہاں کہیں رہے اورجس محفل میں بیٹھے ممتازاور نمایاں ہو کررہے۔عمرکے کم وبیش بارہ سال جیل میں کاٹے ہوں گے۔جہاں انھوں نے شدائد ومحن کامقابلہ بڑی بے جگری اوربے خوفی کے ساتھ کیا۔آزادی کی صر صر انقلاب نے شہرت وناموری کے بڑے بڑے روشن چراغ بجھادیے ورنہ ایک زمانہ تھا کہ مرحوم کی لیڈری کاڈنکا بجتاتھا۔زندگی بڑی قلندانہ اوردرویشانہ تھی یعنی ’’نے غم دزدو نے غم کالا‘‘ ایک معمولی سی تہمد،بغیر بٹنوں کے گریبان کھلا کرتہ اورسرپر چوگوشہ ٹوپی، جلوت میں اور خلوت میں،اندرون خانہ اورپبلک میں انھیں جہاں کہیں دیکھا اسی وضع میں دیکھا۔ حددرجہ خلیق ومتواضع، بڑے سادہ اوربے تکلف، مگراپنی بات کے پکے اوردھن کے پورے۔تقسیم کے بعد مشرقی پنجاب سے تعلق کے باوجود پاکستان میں رہنے کے بجائے دلّی میں معہ اپنے خاندان کے آبسے تھے لیکن کچھ انقلاب روزگار اورکچھ ہجوم امراض وامتدادِسن، ان کا اثر یہ ہواکہ آخر میں عملی سیاست سے دست کش ہو گئے تھے اور سلوک ومعرفت کااُن پر اس حددرجہ غلبہ ہوگیا تھا کہ اُن کے سیاسی افکار میں بھی اشراقیت کارنگ ابھر آیا تھا۔ عجیب اوصاف وکمالات کے بزرگ تھے۔ان...

Post-Covid 19, Online consumer purchase behavior in Pakistan

Since Covid-19, there has been a rise in e-commerce and online brands' influence on consumer buying behavior. It is crucial to investigate the factors that impact online consumer purchase behavior. Applying the theory of reasoned action (TRA), our study seeks to assess the extent to which customer satisfaction and perceived risks build trust and how trust, consumer engagement, and ease of purchase would act as reasons for consumers to engage in e-commerce in Pakistan. Using data gathered from 400 respondents via a questionnaire, we have demonstrated the precise relationship between these six constructs. Results indicate that customer satisfaction positively influences trust while perceived risks negatively affect it and that trust and consumer engagement positively and directly impact purchase behavior. Online retailers should improve these factors and modify the online environment to increase sales from their e-channels and improve customer retention

Genetic Analysis of Emergence and Spread of Benzimidazole Resistance Genesin Blood Sucking Haemonchus Placei in Bovine

Gastrointestinal parasitic (GI) nematodes are among the most economically important parasites to livestock costing the North American cattle industry alone more than $2 billion per year. The GI parasitic nematode species H. placei and H. contortus are amongst the most common and highly pathogenic parasite species of ruminants worldwide. Although these parasites have strong host preferences, they can infect multiple host species and co-infections have been reported. H. contortus is most commonly found in sheep and goats, whereas the closely related nematode H. placei is most common in cattle and buffalo. The two parasite species are phylogenetically close and experimental co-transplantation of adult parasites can result in hybridization between the two species to produce F1 progeny which, although sterile for inter-F1 mating, can propagate when backcrossed against the parental species. Hybridization between the species is an interesting phenomenon for the transfer of genetic material. The transfer of the resistance mutations from the H. contortus (high resistant) to H. placei (low resistant) is possible due to the process of hybridization. Hence, the interspecies hybridization is of particular interest due to its potential to provide a mechanism of drug resistance. Samples of Haemonchus spp. were collected from each abattoir of each district from 40 animals (cattle and buffaloes) over the year. A total of 240 (n=180 cattle, n=60 buffalo) worms were subjected for the collection of samples from 6 districts of Punjab over the year. Twenty worms per population on an average were subjected for the collection of samples from each abattoir. Age and sex of the animal were recorded at the time of collection of samples. Samples were preserved in 70% ethanol and transferred to lab for further processing. Genetic analysis was accomplished in a set of studies. Through Pyrosequencing of the rDNA, ITS-2 and P24, SNPs were investigated the extent to which co-infections between H. placei and H. contortus species occured in cattle and buffalo hosts in Pakistan. Interspecies hybridization and/or introgression of BZ-conferring mutations between the H. placei and H. contortus in the populations is analysed through 4 different validated genetic markers. (i) Sequencing of the rDNA ITS-2 region. (ii) PCR amplification and sequencing of the isotype-1 β-tubulin (iii) Microsatellite analysis of hybrid worms. Phylogenetic network analysis of hybrid β-tubulin isotype-1 sequences also used for identification of resistance alleles arisen independently in different parasite populations, as opposed to being introduced by migration, determined the relative importance of quarantine drenching versus other aspects of ‘on-farm’ anthelmintic use. We then undertook a phylogenetic analysis of resistance and susceptible alleles in these populations to investigate the different models of the origins and spread of BZ resistance mutations. Two statistical tests (Sign Test and Wilcoxon Test) were used for the population bottlenecking effect. According to the mod shift analysis, all populations had a normal L-shaped distribution. The overall results suggested that population studies did not diverge from genetic drift equilibrium. To prevent co-infection/ hybridization, stop co-grazing of small and large ruminants. For the control of spread of drug resistance, stop animal movement from one (resistant) to other (susceptible) area. By the use of deep amplicon sequencing technique, diagnose early stage of resistance to prevent the emergence and spread of drug resistance by using alternative drug groups.