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Effectiveness of Concept Mapping As a Tool for Teaching Physics at Secondary Level

Thesis Info

Author

Ijaz Mahmood

Supervisor

Iqbal Shah

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xv, 65.

Subject

Science

Language

English

Other

Call No: 507 IJE; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709954051

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اہلیہ، مولانا محمد انور شاہ کشمیری

اہلیہ، مولانا محمد انور شاہ الکشمیری
حضرت الاستاذ مولانا محمد انور الکشمیری کے ہزاروں تلامذہ اورارادت مندوں کو جوبرصغیر میں پھیلے ہوئے ہیں، یہ معلوم کرکے بڑاملال ہوگا کہ حضرت موصوف کی اہلیہ جنھیں ہم سب’’اماں جی‘‘کہا کرتے تھے، جون کے آخری ہفتے میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہہ کر اس خاکدان سے رخصت ہوگئیں۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحومہ بڑی خوبیوں اوراعلیٰ صفات وکمال کی خاتون تھیں۔حضرت شاہ صاحب ایسے شوہر کی وفات کے بعد انھوں نے زندگی جس صبرورضا اوراستقلال و توکل کے ساتھ بسر کی ہے وہ انھی کاحصہ تھی۔کئی برس سے کینسر جیسے موذی مرض میں مبتلا تھیں۔سعادت مند اولاد نے بڑے سے بڑے علاج معالجہ میں کوئی کسر اٹھا کے نہیں رکھی لیکن وہ کینسر ہی کیا جس سے مریض جانبر ہوجائے۔اس مرض سے مرحومہ نے جوغیر معمولی تکلیف برداشت کی ہیں وہ یقینا ان کے لیے درجۂ شہادت کی ضامن ہیں۔ اپنی اولاد معنوی کے ساتھ وہی تعلق رکھتی تھیں جو خود حضرت الاستاذ کو تھا۔ان کانفس وجود ہم لوگوں کے لیے سرمایۂ خیروبرکت تھا۔ افسوس اب یہ بھی ختم ہوا۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب فرمائے اور صدیقین اورشہداء کامقام عطا ہو۔آمین۔ [جولائی۱۹۶۷ء]

 

اسلام اور یہودیت میں تصور طلاق کا تقابلی جائزہ

A Comparative Review of Divorce in Islam and Judaism The theme of exchange among religions and similar investigation of religions has turned out to be significant in the current time. Many religious scholars have presented a comparative overview of the subject of many commandments and beliefs in religions, but the issue of divorce in Jews and Islam as a regular subject is almost never discussed. Although it is mentioned as an ancillary subject, such books were written on the topics of marriage and divorce in world religions. But question is, why is divorce comparative review important in Judaism and Islam? Because most of the believers in Islam and Judaism are based on their religious teachings and worried about the problem of rising numbers of divorces. According to the principles of comparative study the researchers have tried to do work on this topic in an objective manner. Finally, it has been concluded that the teachings of these two religions are in principle quite alike. While there is some disagreement on the side issues that open the door to mutual dialogue, it is possible that through comparative research on other topics between these two religions is conducted it will provide further avenues of dialogue and mutual understanding between two major revealed religious traditions.

Extreme Value Frequency Analysis by Tl-Moments and Transmuted Distributions

The purpose of extreme value frequency analysis is to analyze past records of extremes to estimate future occurrence probabilities, nature, intensity and frequency. It is only possible if most suitable probability distribution is employed with proper estimation method. Many probability distributions and parameter estimation methods have been proposed in last couple of decade, but the quest of best fit has always been of concern. In the continuity of this dimension, the fundamental aim of this dissertation is to model the extreme events by proper probability distributions using the most suitable method of estimation. This objective is achieved by reviewing and employing the concept of L- and TL-moments and quadratic rank transmutation map. The L- and TL-moments of some specific distributions are derived, and parameter estimation is approached through the method of L- and TL-moments. In this study three transmuted and two double-bounded transmuted distributions are developed and proposed with their properties and applications. Moreover, the generalized relationships are also established to obtain the properties of the transmuted distributions using their parent distribution. In the first part of the dissertation, it is observed that the Singh Maddala, Dagum, and generalized Power function distribution are suitable candidates for extreme value frequency analysis, as these densities are heavy-tailed in their range. In literature, the theory of L- and TL-moments is considered best and extensively used for such analysis. Therefore, the L- and TL-moments are derived, and the parameters of these densities are estimated by employing the method of L- and TL-moments. These estimation methods are compared with the method of maximum likelihood estimation and method of moments using some real extreme events data sets. Simulation studies have also been carried out for the same purpose. In these studies, superiority of the method of L- and TL-moments has been justified. In the second part of the dissertation, three heavy-tailed, flexible and versatile distributions are introduced using the quadratic rank transmutation map to model the extreme value data. The proposed distributions are the transmuted Singh Maddala, transmuted Dagum and transmuted New distribution. The mathematical properties viiiand reliability behaviors are derived for each of the proposed transmuted distribution. The densities of order statistics, generalized TL-moments, and its special cases are also studied. Parameters are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The appropriateness of the transmuted distributions for modeling extreme value data is illustrated using some real data sets. The empirical results indicated that the proposed transmuted distributions perform better as compared to the parent distributions. In literature, continuous double-bounded data is fairly popular. However, it is quite unrealistic to analyze such kind of data using normal theory models. This type of data is also targeted, and two new double-bounded distributions have been introduced, in the third part of the dissertation. These developed distributions termed as transmuted Kumaraswamy and transmuted Power function distribution. The most common mathematical properties are derived, and it has been observed that the hazard rate function have either increasing or bathtub shaped for these distributions. The method of maximum likelihood estimation is employed for the parameter estimation and the construction of the confidence intervals. The application and potential of these distributions are investigated using real data sets. Comparatively, proposed double bounded transmuted distributions performed better than their parent distributions in real applications. Finally, it has already been proved that transmuted distributions are better than their parent distributions. But directly dealing with the transmuted density is complicated and exhaustive especially for order statistics analysis. To make it simple, the relationships between transmuted and parent distributions are established for the single and product moments of order statistics. In addition, the generalized TL- moments of the transmuted distribution and its special cases are derived using single moments of the parent distribution. The established relationships are used for parameter estimation, and a simulation study is also carried out to investigate the behavior of the estimators. Moreover, the transmuted and parent distributions relationships are illustrated through two well-known distributions and two real data sets. Furthermore, it can be claimed on the base of established results; now it is quite convenient to find the moments of order statistics, parameter estimates and especially generalized TL-moments for transmuted distributions.